Abstract
Background and Aims:This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and intensity and to identify the associated risk factors and impact of trematode infection in swamp buffaloes reared under different agro-climatic conditions in Java, Indonesia.Materials and Methods:A total of 580 fecal samples were collected from swamp buffaloes in five different agro-climatic areas in Banten and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia. The fecal samples were examined using the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory Technique to determine the prevalence and intensity of trematode infection. The risk factors for infection were determined from an in-depth interview of owners/keepers, and the results were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The infection was also correlated with swamp buffalo production parameters (body weight and body condition score [BCS]).Results:From all fecal samples, the overall prevalence of trematode infection was 64.83%, which comprised Fasciola spp. (16.03%; mean eggs per gram [EPG]±SD: 1.02±0.43) and Paramphistomatidae (62.93%; mean EPG±SD: 1.01±0.66). The main risk factor for trematode infection was feeding animals with rice straw (odds ratio [OR]: 40.124); the risk of trematode infection was 40.142 times higher in buffaloes that consumed rice straw. Other risk factors included the frequency of anthelmintic treatment (OR: 4.666), age (OR: 0.449), and drinking water source (OR: 0.358). Trematode infection did not significantly affect the body weight or BCS of swamp buffaloes.Conclusion:Although the prevalence of trematode infection was high in swamp buffaloes, the intensity of infection was low, and the infection did not affect the animals’ physical parameters.
Highlights
Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) play an important role in the agricultural economy in most developing Asian countries by providing meat, farm animal labor, and a source of organic fertilizer [1]
Conclusion: the prevalence of trematode infection was high in swamp buffaloes, the intensity of infection was low, and the infection did not affect the animals’ physical parameters
The odds ratio (OR) of animals that were fed with rice straw was 40.124, which meant that these animals were 40.124 times more likely
Summary
Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) play an important role in the agricultural economy in most developing Asian countries by providing meat, farm animal labor, and a source of organic fertilizer [1]. In 2018, the swamp buffalo population in Indonesia was 1,932,927 heads; these animals were geographically distributed in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, as well as in West and East Nusa Tenggara [3]. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and intensity and to identify the associated risk factors and impact of trematode infection in swamp buffaloes reared under different agro-climatic conditions in Java, Indonesia
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