Prevalence and determinants of high blood glucose in urban and rural Indonesian adult population

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the prevalence of people with diabetes increased from 4.1% (1980) to 8.6% (2014) in the Southeast Asia region. A few studies have examined impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as the main factor precedes diabetes while nutritional status, imbalanced diet, and physical activity as risk factors of IFG. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants of high blood glucose (IFG and diabetes mellitus) among urban and rural Indonesian adults population. The study included 385 adults 19–64 years of age from urban Umbulharjo sub-district (n = 195) and rural Minggir and Turi sub-districts (n = 190). We collected information on social, food consumption, and physical activity, and measured weight, height, waist circumference, and body fat mass. The prevalence of high blood glucose in the urban area was higher (55.4%) compared with the prevalence in the rural area (28.4%). Waist circumference and visceral fat (%) were associated with high blood glucose. Social, food pattern, and physical activity were not associated with high blood glucose. In this study, we reported that male and female adults living in the urban area had a higher risk for high blood glucose compared with those who lived in rural area.