Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease burden all over the world. This requires a shift in healthcare priorities and up-to-date data on the epidemiology and impact of diabetes in all regions of the world to help plan and prioritize health programs. We systematically reviewed the literature on diabetes prevalence and its complications in the UN sub region of Northern Africa including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan and Western Sahara.MethodsA systematic literature review of papers published on diabetes prevalence and complications in North Africa from January 1990 to July 2012. Literature searches were conducted using electronic databases.ResultsDiabetes prevalence ranged from 2.6% in rural Sudan to 20.0% in urban Egypt. Diabetes prevalence was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Undiagnosed diabetes is common in Northern Africa with a prevalence ranging from 18% to 75%. The prevalence of chronic diabetes complications ranged from 8.1% to 41.5% for retinopathy, 21% to 22% for albuminuria, 6.7% to 46.3% for nephropathy and 21.9% to 60% for neuropathy.ConclusionsDiabetes is an important and common health problem in Northern Africa. Variations in prevalence of diabetes between individual countries are observed. Chronic complications of diabetes are common. Urgent measures are needed to prevent diabetes and its related complications in Northern Africa.
Highlights
Diabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease burden all over the world
Prevalence of diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose in Northern Africa Twelve community-based studies provided data on diabetes prevalence and all studies were based on random samples
The prevalence of diabetes varied across Northern African countries ranging from 2.6% in rural Sudan [17] to 20% in urban Egypt [10]
Summary
Diabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease burden all over the world. This requires a shift in healthcare priorities and up-to-date data on the epidemiology and impact of diabetes in all regions of the world to help plan and prioritize health programs. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease health burden in Africa. Physical activity, and ageing populations are thought to be the major drivers of the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Africa [3]. Cheap availability of high-fat and high-energy food in combination with less physical activity has led to the increasing prevalence of obesity [4]. Obesity can cause impaired glucose tolerance, which can lead to increased susceptibility to diabetes manifestation
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