Prevalence and Clinical Determinants of Obesity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of obesity and assess the cardiometabolic risk profile and treatments associated with obesity management in the type 1 diabetes mellitus adult population. MethodsWe reviewed the records of all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus seen in our institution’s outpatient endocrinology clinic between 2015 and 2018. We stratified the patients into 4 weight categories on the basis of body mass index (BMI) (normal, overweight, obesity class I, and combined obesity class II and III) and evaluated their associated clinical characteristics and relevant medications. ResultsOf 451 patients, 64% had a BMI of >25 kg/m2, and 25% had a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. Over 40% of patients with a BMI of >30 kg/m2 had a history of cardiovascular disease. The off-label use of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist was 12% and the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use was 5% in those with obesity. Only 2 patients were prescribed phentermine and 3 had undergone bariatric surgery. Hemoglobin A1C and low-density lipoprotein did not significantly differ between the normal weight and obesity groups. The obesity groups had significantly higher levels of median triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein than the normal weight group. ConclusionObesity was prevalent in a population of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus seen in a specialty clinic. Those with obesity had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than their normal weight counterparts. The use of weight loss medications was scarce. Studies exploring the safety and efficacy of obesity-targeted therapy in the type 1 diabetes mellitus population are needed.