Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) in South Indian Population: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is a frequently encountered cause of chronic dizziness, significantly impacting daily life. Despite its prevalence, PPPD remains underdiagnosed, particularly in South India, where clinical data are limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PPPD and its clinical characteristics in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 237 individuals aged 18 to 60 years using online surveys and in-person interviews with clinical evaluation. Diagnostic tools included the Niigata Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness Questionnaire (NPQ), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Patient Health Questionnaire for Somatic Symptoms (PHQ-SADS) and GANS-SOP (Gans Sensory Organisation Performance) Test. Among the participants, 46 (22 females, 24 males) were diagnosed with PPPD, with a mean age of 37.80 ± 12.84 years. Visual dominance was a primary exacerbating factor in 18 individuals, while others were affected by upright posture and movement. DHI scores indicated significant emotional and functional impairment, with 22 reporting mild disability, 14 moderate, and 2 severe. PHQ-SADS revealed associations between PPPD and anxiety and depression symptoms. Findings on the GANS- SOP revealed the presence of a multifactorial pattern indicative of the deficits across vestibular, visual and proprioceptive systems. In conclusion, PPPD presents a considerable burden, affecting individuals across different age groups and genders. Improved awareness and diagnostic strategies are needed to address the challenges of diagnosing and managing PPPD effectively. Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic approaches and develop targeted interventions for this complex disorder.