Abstract
IntroductionProstate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Nigerian men but CaP screening is not a common practice. The true burden of the disease in Nigeria is not known. The study was aimed at studying the community burden of CaP in Lagos.MethodsDuring a community-based prostate cancer awareness program in 13 local government areas of Lagos, men aged >40 years had serum total PSA (tPSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE). Those with abnormal DRE or tPSA >95th percentile of the cohort or both were selected for prostate biopsy (TRPB).Results4172 men were screened and complete data was available for 4110 (98.5%). The mean age was 60.8 years. DRE was abnormal in 410 men and was significantly correlated with the age of the patient and tPSA (p<0.001). The tPSA ranged from 0 to 438.3ng/ml with a median, mean and 95th percentile of 1.5, 2.5 and 10.0ng/ml respectively. 341 out of the 438(78%) men selected were subjected to TRBP. Forty-three men had histological diagnosis of CaP, giving an estimated prevalence rate of at least 1.046% or 1046 per 100,000 men of age ≥40. Only 11 (26%) had organ-confined disease while 17 (40%) had locally advanced disease and 15 (35%) men had metastatic disease. The majority of the men, 32 (74%) were reported to have Gleason's score of ≥7.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of CaP among men aged ≥40 years in Lagos is higher than previously reported in hospital-based study. Majority have advanced and high-grade disease.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Nigerian men but CaP screening is not a common practice
The recommendation for prostate cancer screening by the American Urological Association and the American Cancer Society is for all men aged 50 years and above with life expectancy >10 years and starting at age 40-45 years for high-risked men [1, 2]
We aim to describe the prevalence and the characteristics of prostate cancer among the participants of a community-based prostate cancer awareness program that took place in Lagos, Nigeria with a view to throw more lights into the status of the disease in the community
Summary
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Nigerian men but CaP screening is not a common practice. Methods: During a community-based prostate cancer awareness program in 13 local government areas of Lagos, men aged >40 years had serum total PSA (tPSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE). Those with abnormal DRE or tPSA >95th percentile of the cohort or both were selected for prostate biopsy (TRPB). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of CaP among men aged ≥40 years in Lagos is higher than previously reported in hospital-based study. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) demonstrated that population-based screening of men aged 55-75 years can reduce prostate cancer mortality [6,7]. There is no doubt that men should be given individual opportunities take informed decisions whether or not to undertake prostate cancer screening
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