Prevalence and Associated Factors of HPV Infection in the Oropharyngeal Cavity Among University Students in a Southwest Population in Mexico

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) globally. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) there are around 17.4 million women living with HIV and over 290 million HPV infected women worldwide.Purpose: This review is to summarize available data concerning the relationship between HIV and HPV infection among women. The analysis comprises molecular mechanisms of HPV infection among HIV(+) women as well as HIV infection among HPV(+) women, prevalence of HPV and cervical lesions among women living with HIV and screening of HPV and cervical cancer (CC) among HIV infected women.Material and methods: The review includes publications from 2011 to 2020. The data has been collected by the use of the PubMed, Ovid, Up-To-Date and WHO website. Key words used to search for references include: HPV, HIV, prevalence, molecular mechanism, screening.Results: HIV infection is a risk factor for HPV acquisition. On the one hand, prevalence of HPV, multiple HPV, high risk HPV (hrHPV) infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is higher among HIV(+) women. On the other hand, HPV infection can also predispose to HIV acquisition. Evidence on how these viruses influence each other can be a breakthrough in the range of prevention, detection and treatment of both HIV and HPV infection.Conclusions: Relationship between HPV and HIV is an interest of nowadays medicine. Possibly, these viruses may cooperate and enable infection of each other. It has been showed that the prevalence of HPV, multiple HPV, hrHPV infections and cervical lesions is higher among HIV(+) in comparison to HIV(-) women. Further studies should be performed providing an insight into a molecular mechanism responsible for this cooperation.

Despite many years of rigorous evaluation of a variety of interventions, HIV incidence rates in parts of Africa remain unacceptably high. A recent review identified 37 randomized controlled trials testing interventions to reduce HIV incidence.1 Except for 3 randomized controlled trials of male circumcision2‐4 and 1 trial of syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted diseases,5 and, recently, 1 trial of a vaginal microbicide,6 no significant reductions in HIV incidence were observed. In some trials of vaginal microbicides, trial participants in the active treatment arm actually had increased HIV incidence rates.7 Trials with candidate vaccines have been equally disappointing.8 A recently completed trial of a prime-boost strategy conducted in Thailand showed statistically significant, but limited, protection against HIV.9 Nevertheless, even vaccine optimists think that a preventive HIV vaccine is many years away. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were identified as important cofactors for HIV transmission early in the epidemic.10,11 Many prospective observational studies showed that the presence of ulcerative and nonulcerative STIs increased the likelihood of HIV transmission.10,11 Several interventions were based on this observation including mass treatment with antibiotics,12 improved syndromic management of STIs,5,13 and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 suppressive treatment.14 Null findings of these interventions should be interpreted with caution. Failure to show an effect does not necessarily mean that the STI is not causally associated with HIV. As Barnabas and Wasserheit highlight,15 the stage of the HIV epidemic in which an intervention trial is conducted may significantly influence observed efficacy. Another possible reason for the failure of these trials to demonstrate efficacy is that the intervention may not have adequately controlled the STI or its biologic effects.

Introduction: Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. CT infection in women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can facilitate HIV transmission by increasing HIV shedding in cervicovaginal secretions. The prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is higher in women living with HIV when compared to HIV-negative women, even when comparing those with the same sociodemographic characteristics. Generally, they have a high viral load and a higher persistence of viral infection, which increases the risk of developing premalignant and malignant lesions in the lower genital tract. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of CT and High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection among women living with HIV and the association with sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with a population of 66 non-pregnant women aged between 18 and 70 years living with HIV and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói (RJ), Brazil, between the period of March 1, 2018 and October 31, 2018. A standardized questionnaire was applied including sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, and clinical information (use of oral contraceptives, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count, and viral load). Endocervical samples were collected for CT (COBAS 4800® system, Roche) and HPV (COBAS® HPV test, Roche) detection. Fisher's Exact Test was used to assess the association between variables. Regression analyses were performed using the logistic model in order to identify the factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: A frequency of 1.5% for CT and 21.2% for HR-HPV was found. Age was the single factor that presented statistical significance associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusion: Our study showed that some women living with HIV promote risky behavior which could facilitate the acquisition of other STIs, such as HPV and CT infection. Some of them, with detected viral load, were not using condoms even with HIV-negative partners. These results may suggest that in addition to treatment and follow-up of women living with HIV, STIs counseling and guidance may play an important role in the control of STIs in this population.

To investigate the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Malian women, for whom cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Pilot study of 202 women aged 15-65 to determine the prevalence rate of high-risk HPV infection among unscreened Malian women. Information on risk factors was collected through a standardized, structured interview and clinical examination. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was detected using signal amplification methods (hybrid capture II). High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 12% of unscreened women, while visual inspection after application of acetic acid and Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) identified suspicious abnormalities in 2.5% of unscreened women. Histopathological evaluation of VIA/VILI-positive biopsies revealed no evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer. The majority of infections occurred among women in the 15-24 year old range. Compared to women who were married or widowed, single women were 3.5 times more likely to be infected with HR HPV. The prevalence of infection with cancer causing types of HPV in this study was 12%. These prevalence estimates are consistent with what has been reported previously for other West African countries.

BackgroundWomen living with HIV are at risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer worldwide. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that testing for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection be incorporated into cervical cancer screening programs using molecular nucleic acid tests (NATs) but this has not previously been done in Uganda. The country’s coverage for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening remains low at less than 10% for women aged 25–49 years. This study determined the genital prevalence of hrHPV infection and the associated factors among women living with HIV in Uganda.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 selected health facilities among participants who were on Antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants who consented to participate were instructed on how to collect their own high vaginal swabs using a cervical brush for HPV molecular testing (HPV DNA or HPV RNA) and their demographics data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Laboratory diagnosis for HPV molecular testing was done using Gene xpert machines and Hologic Aptima Machine. Modified Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors.ResultsThis study involved 5856 HIV positive participants on ART. A total of 2006 out of 5856 (34.3%) participants had high risk HPV infections. HPV infections by genotypes were: HPV16 317(15.8%), HPV 18/45 308 (15.4%) and other high-risk HPV 1381 (68.8%). The independent factors associated with all hrHPV were parity, education level, having more than one partner, and engaging in early sex. Smoking was associated with HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and other hrHPV. Age was associated with all hrHPV, marital status with HPV 16, and occupation with HPV 16.ConclusionsThe prevalence of genital high-risk HPV infections among HIV positive women attending ART clinics in public facilities in Uganda was high. Other hrHPV genotype was the commonest compared to 18/45 and HPV 16. The integration of cervical cancer screening in ART programmes remains paramount to support the early detection of cervical cancer and Non-invasive self-collected urine and vaginal sampling for cervical cancer screening present an opportunity.

Objective To investigate the high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis among patients with breast cancer. Methods Total of 90 patients with breast cancer treated in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were selected as observation group and 90 patients with breast hyperplasia as control group. HPV genotype and p53 protein were detected in cancer tissues, while HPV genotype was detected in hyperplastic tissues. The high-risk HPV infection rate of all patients were detected. The tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis rate and p53 protein expression in patients with breast cancer were analyzed, respectively. Results There were 60 cases and 36 cases with high-risk HPV infection in observation group and control group, respectively. The infection rates of HPV16, 18 genotype in the observation group were 21.11% (19/90) and 22.22% (20/90), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.22% (2/90) and 2.22% (2/90)], with significant differences (χ2 = 7.108, P = 0.001; χ2 = 8.063, P = 0.001). In the observation group, the lymph node metastasis rate of HPV positive patients was 93.33% (56/60), which was significantly higher than that of HPV negative patients (21/30, 70.00%), with significant difference (χ2 = 4.072, P = 0.002). Among the 90 cases with breast cancer, 39 cases were p53 protein positive, among whom, 27 cases (27/39, 69.23%) were with tumor size ≤ 2 cm, TNM stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 15.38% (6/39), 30.77% (12/39), 35.90% (14/39) and 17.95% (6/39), respectively; the lymph node metastasis rate was 82.05% (32/39). There were 51 cases (56.67) with p53 protein negative among the observation group, 35 cases with tumor size ≤ 2 cm (35/51, 68.63%), and TNM stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 7.84% (4/51), 19.61% (10/51), 49.02% (25/51) and 23.53% (12/51), respectively; the lymph node metastasis rate was 86.27% (44/51). There was no significant difference in tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis between the p53 protein positive group and p53 protein negative group (χ2 = 0.682, P = 0.462; χ2 = 0.491, P = 0.507; χ2 = 0.572, P = 0.461). Conclusions Detection of high risk HPV infection, p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis rate of patients with breast cancer is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment, and the decrease of p53 protein positive rate may promote the occurrence and development of HPV infection related tumors. Key words: Breast cancer; High-risk human papillomavirus; P53 protein; Lymph node metastasis

ObjectiveMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection compared to women and heterosexual men. We aimed to assess the incidence, clearance and duration of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-negative MSM and the influencing factors in a 5-year prospective cohort study.MethodsFrom April 2016 to April 2021, HIV-negative MSM were recruited and followed every 6 months in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Questionnaires and anal swabs were collected at baseline and every 6 months. We detected 37 anal HPV genotypes using the HPV Geno Array Diagnostic Kit Test. Incidence and clearance rates of anal HPV infection and the influencing factors were estimated using a two-state Markov model.ResultsA total of 585 MSM were included with a median age of 37 years [interquartile range (IQR): 31–43 years] and were followed for a median 2.8 years (IQR: 1.8–3.6 years). Incidence rates for any HPV and high-risk HPV (Hr-HPV) were 53.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.1–58.0] and 39.0 (95% CI: 35.7–42.5)/1,000 person-months. Median duration of infection was 9.67 (95% CI: 8.67–10.86) and 8.51 (95% CI: 7.57–9.50) months, respectively. Clearance rates for any HPV and Hr-HPV were 50.9 (95% CI: 46.7–55.3) and 62.1 (95% CI: 56.8–66.7)/1,000 person-months, respectively. HPV16 and HPV6 had the highest incidence, lowest clearance rate and longest duration of infection among Hr-HPV and low-risk HPV (Lr-HPV) types, respectively. Receptive anal sex is a risk factor for any HPV [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.16–2.38] and Hr-HPV infection (HR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.39–2.85). Recent anal sex without condom use was significantly associated with any HPV (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10–2.94) and Hr-HPV infection (HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.42–4.77). Age ≥35 years was significantly associated with Lr-HPV HPV infection only (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.93). Both inserted and receptive anal sex (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.89) and anal sex ≥2 times per week (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.87) were associated with reduced Hr-HPV clearance. Six of the nine-valent vaccine types (HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 52 and 58) occurred most frequently, which indicates the need for high vaccination coverage in MSM.ConclusionsIn this cohort study, high incidence and low clearance of any HPV, Hr-HPV and individual HPV infections emphasize the importance of MSM vaccination. Modifiable behavioral factors such as condoms and drug use should be incorporated into HPV prevention strategies.

Objective To study the relationship between female genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, and its correlation with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Methods A total of 540 female outpatients were recruited. All the patients were given HPV, CT and cervical scraping examination. Cervical biopsy was conducted in patients with suspected cervical lesions. According to the results of HPV examination, 140 patients with confirmed HPV infection were designated as the observation group, and 400 patients negative to HPV were designated as control group. The relationship between HPV infection and CT infection, and its correlation with cervical lesions was analyzed. Results The incidence of cervical lesions in the observation group (21.4%) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.3%, P<0.000 1). According to type of HPV infection, patients in the observation group were divided into the high-risk group (78 cases), low risk group (32 cases) and mixed infection group (30 cases). The incidence of cervical lesions in the high-risk group (25.6%) and mixed infection group (26.7%) was significantly higher than that in the low-risk group (6.3%, P=0.009; P=0.019). The incidence of CT infection in the observation group (27.1%) was significantly higher than that in control group (3.3%, P<0.000 1). The incidence of CT infection in the high-risk group (33.3%) and the mixed infection group (36.7%) was significantly higher than that in the low-risk group (3.1%, P=0.021; P=0.019). Based on the presence of CT infection, the patients in the observation group were divided into HPV infection group and CT mixed infection group. The incidene of cervical lesions in the latter (57.8%) was significantly higher than that in the former (25.5%, P=0.046). And in CT mixed infection group, the incidence of cervical lesions in patients with high risk of HPV infection and mixed HPV were 39.3% and 50.0%, it was significantly higher than that of pure HPV and mixed infection in patients with high-risk HPV infection group, the incidence rate was 16.0% and 15.4%, the differences were statistically significant (P=0.026, P=0.017). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-risk HPV infection (OR=2.180, P=0.018), mixed infection of HPV and CT (OR=6.690, P=0.012) were risk factors for cervical lesions. Conclusion CT infection in female genital tract is closely related to HPV infection. Mixed infection of HPV and CT is an independent risk factor of cervical precancerous lesion and cancer. It is of important significance to further reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions through the early screening of female genital HPV infection and CT infection, timely and effective treatment of mixed microbial infections. Key words: Genital tract; Human papilloma virus (HPV); Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Cervical precancerous lesions; Cervical cancer

Prevalent characteristics of human papillomavirus infection in 29,508 women in Jinshan District, Shanghai

Human Papilloma Virus DNA and p53 Mutation Analysis on Bladder Washes in Relation to Clinical Outcome of Bladder Cancer

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in migrant female sex workers (FSW) according to age and geographical origin. Methods: Cross sectional...

e13566 Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent and has extensive association with many malignancies such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases due to HPV. In addition, it provides protection against cancers caused by persistent, high-risk HPV infection in both male and female. Methods: Data collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with anogenital, and head and neck cancers during 2017-2019 were studied retrospectively and the association of HPV infection was analyzed. Results: There were thirty-three cases of anogenital, and head and neck cancers diagnosed during the study period. The following were the occurrences: penile cancer 1, anal cancer 4, cervical/uterine/vaginal cancers 10, and head and neck cancer including tonsil, base of tongue, vocal cord, and glottis 18. HPV status was available in twenty-six (79%) patients. Fourteen patients were positive for high-risk 16/18 HPV strain, twelve were HPV negative, and HPV status was unknown for seven patients. Most of the patients were smokers and none of them had received HPV vaccination. The patients were treated appropriately with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Conclusions: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection type 16/18 is the most common sexually transmitted infection associated with significant anogenital and head and neck cancers.Vaccinations protect against persistent, high-risk HPV infection that may lead to malignancies. However, the HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates are only 41.7% and 21.6% respectively in males, and 60% and 39.7% respectively in females. The lack of opportunity does not appear to be a major reason for this low coverage. Some of the barriers for low adoption of HPV vaccination were concern about vaccine safety (70%), lack of knowledge about HPV related diseases (56%), very young to vaccinate (56%), fear of riskier sexual behavior (56%), and reluctance as not being included in the required immunization schedule (71%). In addition, several people refused HPV vaccination due to misinformation in social media. The primary purpose of HPV vaccination is to help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Further, such vaccination can also prevent several cancers caused by persistent infection. Therefore, HPV vaccination has the potential to eliminate such risk if enforced at a young age in school. The above study and data stress this role and the importance of public awareness of the HPV vaccine as a cancer prevention agent.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of abnormal Pap (ASCUS or worse) and HPV infection in women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and assess the risk factors for CIN2/3. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 249 women who were admitted to the hospital for the treatment of PID between 2013 and 2019 was performed. Patients’ characteristics including age, parity, sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection, Pap results, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, Nugent score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were retrieved. Clinical characteristics were compared between group 1 (women with normal pap; N = 159) and group 2 (women with abnormal Pap; N = 90). Results: Of 249 women, abnormal Pap rate was 36.1% and HPV positivity was 41.0%. Of those with HPV infection, 78.4% had high-risk HPV subtypes. Group 2 was significantly associated with high-risk HPV infection (P &lt; 0.0001) and low NLR (P = 0.047). 74 women underwent colposcopy-directed punch biopsy, and 14 showed CIN2/3. Multivariate analysis showed that high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.040; 95% CI 1.081-32.389) and low Nugent score (≤ 3) (P = 0.003; 95% CI 2.130-39.807) were independent risk factors of CIN2/3 in women with abnormal Pap and PID. Conclusions: Women with PID showed high prevalence of abnormal Pap. Nonetheless, high-risk HPV infection and low Nugent score are the most reliable factors in determining colposcopy for the diagnosis of CIN2/3.

BackgroundWe aimed to determine (i) if other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and (ii) if HPV infection predicts the incidence of other STIs.MethodsWomen aged 20–38 years were followed semi-annually for 18 months in Thailand (n=1200). Assessment was made on cervical HPV genotypes, cervical cytology, sexual behaviour, demographic factors and diagnoses of other STIs including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes and trichomoniasis. Incident detection was defined as any type-specific HPV or other STI which was detected at current visit but not at previous visit. Associations were measured by ORs with 95% CIs estimated in generalised estimating equation models.ResultsDuring follow-up, 241 new cases of HPV, 110 incident cases of high risk (HR)-HPV and 46 new cases of other STIs were observed. Diagnosis of other STIs at previous visit was statistically significantly associated with twofold increased odds of any new HPV detection after controlling for sexual behaviour, age, pap smear status and contraceptive use [adjusted OR (aOR): any HPV: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.08% to 4.34%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 1). No significant association was found between diagnosis of other STIs and subsequent incident detection of HR-HPV [aOR: 2.01 (95% CI: 0.74% to 5.48%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 1). Positive detection of any HPV or HR-HPV predicted nearly twofold increased odds of other STIs with the estimates bordering on statistical significance [aORs: any HPV: 1.81 (95% CI: 0.94% to 3.49%); HR-HPV: 2.00 (95% CI: 0.82% to 4.83%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 2).Abstract O1-S02.02 Table 1Unadjusted and adjusted estimates of detection of other STIs on HPV incidence (total number of visit pairs=3221)Number of visit pairs N=3221Incident detection at current visitUnadjusted OR† (95% CI)Adjusted OR† (95% CI)Diagnosis of the following at previous visitN (col %)New cases of any HPV, n= 241(7.5%) n (row%)New detection of any HPV type across consecutive visitsSTIs other than HPV infection* No3158 (98.0)230 (7.3)1.01.0 Yes63 (2.0)11 (17.5)2.46 (1.31 to 4.62)2.16 (1.08 to 4.34)New cases of any HR-HPV, n=110 (3.4%) n (row%)New detection of any HR- HPV type across consecutive visitsSTIs other than HPV infection* No3158 (98.0)105 (3.3)1.01.0 Yes63 (2.0)5 (7.9)2.42 (0.93 to 6.27)2.01 (0.74 to 5.48)* STIs other than HPV infection included the following: laboratory diagnoses of genital chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, as well as clinical diagnoses of genital herpes or trichomoniasis.† Estimates adjusted for age and study site at enrolment, as well as the following covariates assessed at each follow-up visit: pap smear diagnosis at previous visit, contraceptive use in last 6 months, number of lifetime partners, partners having sex with others in last 6 months, having new partner in last 12 months, male partner using condom in last 6 months, number of partners in last 6 months.HPV, human papillomavirus; HR-HPV, High-risk HPV, defined as HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 (IARC 2007); STIs, sexually transmitted infections.Abstract O1-S02.02 Table 2Unadjusted and adjusted estimates of HPV detection on incidence of other STIs (total number of visit pairs=3221)Detected with the following at previous visitNew cases of other STIs, n=46 (1.4%) n (row%)New detection of other STIs across consecutive visitsAny HPV No2590 (80.4)31 (1.2)1.01.0 Yes631 (19.6)15 (2.4)1.94 (1.05 to 3.58)1.81 (0.94 to 3.49)New cases of other STIs, n=46 (1.4%) n (row%)New detection of other STIs across consecutive visitsAny HR-HPV No2930 (91.0)38 (1.3)1.01.0 Yes291 (9.0)8 (2.7)2.14 (1.00 to 4.61)2.00 (0.82 to 4.83)Estimates adjusted for age and study site at enrolment, as well as the following covariates assessed at each follow-up visit: pap smear diagnosis at previous visit, contraceptive use in last 6 months, number of lifetime partners, partners having sex with others in last 6 months, having new partner in last 12 months, male partner using condom in last 6 months.Covariates that were found to be statistically significantly associated with the outcomes (p&lt;0.05) and/or significantly influence the effect size of the primary association of interest (≥10%) were included in the final models for confounding control. Parity, smoking status, and other factors measured, such as age of sexual debut and frequency of sex in last 6 months,did notsatisfy these criteria in the data analyses and hence werenotincluded in the final models.HPV, human papillomavirus; HR-HPV, High-risk HPV, defined as HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 (IARC 2007); STIs, sexually transmitted infections.ConclusionsWe show that other STIs increase the risk of HPV incidence after controlling for sexual behaviour. The data qualitatively suggest mutual associations of HPV with other STIs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate if these reflect true biologic interactions between HPV and other sexually transmitted microbial agents, or mere confounding from unmeasured sexual risks.

Background:Nationwide epidemiological surveys of behavioral factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Japanese women are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution, and significant predictive factors of HPV infection using self-collected vaginal samples from Japanese female people. Methods:The study population consisted of 1,050 female subjects aged 16–75 years (median 30 years). The participants were asked to provide self-collected samples from the vaginal wall using cotton swabs for genotyping of HPV. We compared the participants’ characteristics and detected HPV genotypes to determine significant predictors of HPV infection. Results:After excluding 47 participants (34 participants of unknown age, 11 virgin participants, 1 participant who engaged in sex with another woman, and 1 participant who did not undergo β-globin detection), 1,003 participants were included in the analysis. Of the 1,003 participants, 426 (42.5%) participants had at least one HPV genotype, 282 (28.1%) participants had high-risk HPV genotypes, 306 (30.5%) had low-risk HPV genotypes, and 162 (16.2%) participants had both HPV genotypes. HPV-16/18 positivity was found in 5.4% (54/1,003) participants. The most frequently detected high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-52 (86/1,003; 8.6% participants). The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6) and a present history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) were significant predictors of high-risk HPV infection. The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6), age of coitarche (≥20 years of age), unmarried status, and a present history of STI were significant predictors of low-risk HPV infection. Conclusions:The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection among Japanese female subjects was 28.1% and 30.5%, respectively. The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6) and present history of sexually transmitted infection were the common significant predictors of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection.