Abstract
Contaminated milk and milk-products are regarded as vehicles for the transmission of Campylobacteriosis, infectious diarrhoea caused by <i>Campylobacter</i> but the prevalence of this bacterium in nunu had not been established. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Campylobacter species in locally pasteurized milk product (nunu) sold in Zaria metropolis and establish the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. A total of 180 nunu samples were collected and cultured for <i>Campylobacter</i> species using membrane filtration method, characterized using biochemical testing and API campy kits. Susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using the conventional agar diffusion method and the MAR indexing was calculated respectively. Out of the 180 nunu samples, 29 samples were positive for <i>Campylobacter</i> species giving a prevalence of 16.1%. <i>Campylobacter</i> coli were mostly isolated with isolation rate of 10.5% while <i>C. jejuni</i> were 5.6%. Imipenem were found to have 100% efficacy against all the <i>Campylobacter</i> species followed by Gentamicin (95%) while the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin (100%). Altogether, 39% of the <i>Campylobacter</i> species were resistant to three and more class of antibiotics and this is mostly implicated among strains of <i>Campylobacter coli</i> (47%) compared to <i>C. jejuni</i> (31%). The highest MAR index of 0.63 observed in this study is of public health importance. In this study, all the isolates had a MAR index greater than 0.2. Thus, <i>Campylobacter</i> contamination of the milk product is likely to be from a high risk source. With the increasing trend in <i>Campylobacter</i> resistance, it is therefore recommended that the use of antibiotic in animal food production and human therapy had to be controlled.
Highlights
Milk is known to be nutritious by helping the body fight against diseases but raw milk and contaminated milk have been implicated in most outbreak and sporadic cases of Campylobacteriosis [2, 4]
Out of 180 nunu samples collected, 29 samples were positive for Campylobacter species giving a prevalence of 16.1%; 10 (5.6%) were Campylobacter jejuni while 19 (10.5%) were Campylobacter coli
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Nunu
Summary
Milk is known to be nutritious by helping the body fight against diseases but raw milk and contaminated milk have been implicated in most outbreak and sporadic cases of Campylobacteriosis [2, 4]. Milk in its original state does not contain microbes, but become contaminated during unhygienic processing. The health of the dairy animals as well as the environment where the milking is taking place affects the microbiological quality of milk [32]. Raw or unpasteurized milk contains myriad of foodborne pathogens that are potential threat to milk consumers. In Nigeria, sales of milk, either raw or pasteurized are legal but must meet the Milk and Dairy Products Regulation [18]. The regulation do not certifies that raw milk is free of all pathogens. Sour milk locally called “nunu” is a temperature stable product of milk produced mainly by the Fulani
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