Abstract
Transition-metal anions, such as platinum (Pt) anions, are rare, and their unusual valence states may induce unique crystal topologies and novel properties. Although Pt anions have been reported, a high negative valence state of Pt and the route to obtain it have not been systematically studied. Herein, we report that high pressure can enrich the chemistry of Pt and result in various platinides through a reaction with sodium (Na). Using first-principles calculations in combination with an evolutionary algorithm, we discover several Na-rich platinides with unprecedented stoichiometries (e.g., Na₂Pt, Na₄Pt, and Na₅Pt) and find that they adopt similar Pt–Na polyhedrons, where Pt can gain more than one electron donated by Na atoms. With the increase of the Na content, the ionicity of Pt becomes stronger. Frontier orbitals of Na₄Pt and Na₅Pt are not only dominated by Pt 5d orbitals, but also by Pt 6p orbitals. Furthermore, the predicted Na₂Pt (space group: P6/mmm) and Na₄Pt (space group: I4/m) are synthesized in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and characterized by synchrotron X-ray diffraction at 4.5 GPa. The strong anisotropic properties of Na₂Pt and the intriguing frontier orbitals of Na₄Pt induced by Pt anions are further discussed.
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