President's IKN Visit Controversy: Frame Building of 10 Indonesian News Portals

In this study the researcher conducted frame analysis for opinion leaders’ tweets, to explore different types of frames that shaped the democracy debate after the revolution. The research took place in a period of 21 days, in the memory of the second anniversary of the Egyptian revolution, starting from: January 15, 2013 to February 4, 2013, before the revolution date and after. This study proceeded from a quantitative content analysis of 12 members’ messages on Twitter. Over all, it includes 386 tweets from three groups of opinion leaders, 53 from Former presidential candidates, 123 from Islamists leaders, and 210 from Political analysts. The aim of this study was to investigate the dominant frame, and compare which frames each group used. Analysis was conducted according to what type of “topics and issues covered, the tone of tweets (neutral, negative, positive), the key actors (government, politicians, and the public) and 5 frames analysis conflict, human interest, attribution of responsibility, morality and economic consequences according to Semetko and Valkenburg. Comparing which frames each group used results showed that, the attribution of responsibility and human interest frames were the most commonly used by the opinion leaders, followed by the morality frame then conflict frame and finally economic consequences. Attribution of responsibility and Human interest were most visible in the first group, former presidential candidates. Morality frame, Attribution of responsibility and Human interest were most visible in the second group, Islamist leaders. Finally, Attribution of responsibility and Human interest and conflict frame were most visible in the third group, political activists. Economic consequences frame was less visible compared to other frames. So we can conclude the whole analysis as: Responsibility frames are more often utilized by Former presidential candidates and Political activist while Moral frames are more often utilized by Former Islamist leaders.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was launched by China in 2013. The Chinese government perceives this initiative as an economic cooperation effort aimed at addressing obstacles that impede development. The intricacies of the China-India relationship have caused India to perceive the BRI from a distinct perspective. The role of relationship type as an external factor in the frame-building process has been neglected until now. This study aims to determine the influence of China-India relationship types on the five generic frames formulated by Semetko and Valkenburg in 2000. The relationship types include cooperation relationship, competition relationship, and friction relationship. The frames under consideration encompass the responsibility frame, human interest frame, conflict frame, morality frame, and economic consequences frame. The study employs quantitative content analysis as its methodology, utilising this approach to analyse news articles sourced from selected India online newspapers, namely The Times of India, The Hindus, and Hindustan Times. A total of 658 news articles were selected in online newspapers, covering the period from September 2013 to September 2022. This study found that relationship types indeed play a significant role in the frame-building process. Cooperation relationship had a very weak positive correlation with the responsibility frame; the competition relationship had a very weak negative correlation with the responsibility frame and a weak negative correlation with the conflict frame; the friction relationship had a weak positive correlation with the conflict frame. Overall, it can be concluded that the highlighted relationship types do indeed influence the framing of news. Keywords: Media framing, frame building, belt and road initiative, China-India relationships, India online newspapers.

The emergence of modern communication technology suggests that the society as a whole is now a simple hostage at the hands of the media. However, the time has come to ask whether the people are being managed, manipulated, massaged or brainwashed by the media. Media contents are unjustifiably dominated by expressions that create negative impressions of Islam. As a result, the media accentuate anti-Muslim bias and bigotry. This study aims to comparatively examine how Nigerian and Malaysian newspapers frame Islam-related events in news reporting. Using purposive sampling, Punch and Vanguard were chosen from Nigeria while The Star and New Straits Times were chosen from Malaysia based on their popularity and readership. Relevant news articles that focus upon reports about Islam or Muslims were collected from the selected newspapers using internet-based search from November 2015 until September 2016. The newspapers produced 599 different Islam-related news articles within this period. The study found that out of 599 news articles published in the selected newspapers, 228 portrayed Islam in conflict situation by using conflict frame. For the rest, 60 news articles used consequence frame, 32 used crime frame, 11 used responsibility frame, 19 used morality frame, and 249 portrayed Islam using human interest frame. Nigerian newspapers used more conflict frames in reporting Islam than Malaysian newspapers. Collective efforts of journalists, editors, and corporate ownership of the newspapers should be directed toward suppressing the negative media portrayal of Islam.

Framing theory is one of the most significant approaches to understanding media and their potential impact on publics. Leaving aside that fact, the author finds that publicity effects seem to be dispersed and difficult to catch for public relations (PR). This paper employs a specific research design, which could be applied to public relations practice, namely with a view to observing correlations between specific media frames and individual frames. The approach is based on the Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) typology of news frames. The author attributes negative, positive and neutral determinants to the types of frames in his empirical research. Online news regarding three transport organizations and the accompanying user comments (identified as negative, positive and neutral) are analysed by means of the method of content and sentiment analysis. The author recognizes user comments and reviews as individual frames that take part in the creation of online image. Furthermore, he identifies the types of media frames as well as individual frames manifested as image, and undertakes correlation research in order to establish their prediction potential. The results expose the most frequently used types of media frames concerning the transport domain. The media are keen to report through the attribution of responsibility frame, and after that, through the economic frame and the conflict frame, but, on the other hand, they tend to neglect the human interest frame and the morality frame. The results show that specific types of news frames enable better prediction of user reactions. The economic frame and the human interest frame therefore represent the most predictable types of frame.

Detik.com and Kompas.com, two of Indonesia's largest online news outlets, also covered film festival activities. This study determines the comparative news framing on film festivals by Detik.com and Kompas.com since the 1998 reformation. The main theories employed in this study are news online media, film festivals and news framing. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with content from internet as data collection. According to Detik.com and Kompas.com, over the last 20 years, Indonesia has hosted 66 film festivals. These two news portals cover it from the perspectives of issue-specific news frames (a total of 145 articles), generic news frames (1,295articles), and generic frames and local spins (36 articles). These findings indicate that both are more interested in covering film festivals with broad themes. Hopefully, the next researchers will apply different methods to investigate the same issue.

Blog began to attract people in Malaysia in 1998 when bloggers actively wrote about political matters and current issues. Blogs have then become an influential medium of news reporting after the mass community rejects mainstream media which often shows favoritism to the government party. This paper examines how a generic frames used by the bloggers in Malaysia pre and post 13 th General Election (GE). A comparison on two groups of blog is made which involved Pro- Barisan Nasional (BN) and Pro- Pakatan Rakyat (PR) to see the differences in the use of frames by the bloggers. Five generic frames with 20 attributes statement by Semetko & Valkenburg has been adapted in this study. Quantitative content analysis approach was used and the results showed that conflict frame and responsibility frame are at a relatively high level use while the human interest frame, morality frame and economic consequences frame are at the low level of use. However, there are some differences in terms of the use of frames by both groups of blogger even at different political views. The results of the study clearly show that both groups of bloggers have emphasized more conflict frames in all the issues debated.

Framing of FeeMustFall students' protest by Daily Dispatch Newspaper and the effect on readers’ perceptions

이 연구는 노무현·이명박·박근혜·문재인 정부 16년 동안의 진보·보수 정권별 주요 교육정책을 살펴보고, 각 언론의 뉴스 보도 프레임이 정부별, 신문별로 왜, 어떻게 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 조선일보·중앙일보·한국일보·한겨레 등 4개 종합일간지 기사 3,200건이다. 보도 프레임은 세멧코와 밸켄버그(2000)의 진술문 척도를 활용한 5가지 유형 모델을 적용해 분석했다. 연구결과 프레임별 비중은 책임귀인 프레임(53%), 갈등 프레임(42.6%), 인간적 흥미 프레임(26.3%), 도덕성 프레임(16%), 경제적 중요성 프레임(8.6%) 순이었다. 진보와 보수 정권별로 자사고, 수능, 국정교과서, 교육감 선거 등을 놓고 첨예한 갈등이 있었고, 언론사 성향별로도 동일 정책에 대한 보도 비중과 적용 프레임이 다양했던 것으로 나타났다. 특히 정책변동이 잦았던 노무현·이명박 정부시기에는 갈등과 책임귀인 프레임이, 수요자 의견 불출이 많았던 박근혜·문재인 정부시기에는 인간적 흥미 프레임 비중이 상대적으로 높았다. 이는 한국의 교육정책이 정부의 관점에 따라 변화해 왔고, 그런 정책을 보도하는 언론의 양상 또한 정부의 입장에 영향을 주는 중요한 요소임을 의미한다. 가치중립적이어야 할 교육이 정파적 속성에 따라 바뀌고 보도 되고 있다는 통시적 연구는 대한민국 교육정책의 일관성과 연속성에 문제가 있다는 중요한 시사점을 던져주고 있다.This study aims to analyze major educational policies implemented in Korea over 16 years under the Roh Moo-hyun, Lee Myung-bak, Park Geun-hye, Moon Jae-in governments and identify why the differences exist in the media reports on these policies. For this purpose, the author examined 3,200 articles written by four media outlets, Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, Hankook Ilbo, Hankyoreh and applied the five frames of media coverage discussed by Semetko and Valkenburg. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the study found that 53 percent of the articles fit in the attribution of responsibility frame, 42.6 percent in the conflict frame, 26.3 percent in the human interest frame, 16 percent in the morality frame and 8.6 percent in the economic consequences frame. There was a severe conflict of interest between the progressive and conservative governments when it came to educational policies on autonomous private high schools, college entrance exams, national history textbooks and the election of local education superintendents. The frames of media coverage on these topics were also more varied. Second, conflict and responsibility frame were dominant under the Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak regime. Also reversely, the portion of human interest frame rate were high under the Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in government. Third, the educational policies had been changed politically and the reporting frames of mass media were important factors influencing on people’s understanding. This means there were critical problems in the continuities and consistencies of educational policies in Korea.

The 2013 general elections in Malaysia: An analysis of online news portals

Along with the rapid development of online news production and consumption, information spreads rapidly among news portals through reprinting and re-posting. Understanding the dissemination process of online news has important implications for policy making, crisis management, and brand imaging. As the frequency of news reprinting between two news portals expresses the social relationship between them, the topological properties of complex networks of news portals indicate the dynamic patterns of online news dissemination. This research is the first study that examines patterns and organizational structure of online news networks based on historical data collected from more than one thousand Chinese news portals. Main findings reveal that information can spread widely and rapidly through online news portals. Specifically, some major news portals exchange information with each other frequently and they exchange information with small news portals directly, implying that hot-spot events, even they are first reported by a small news portal, can be re-posted by many major news portals in a short time and then spread over the Internet quickly. The dense connections between many major news portals ensure that the spread will not be influenced greatly by the refusal to report typical events of a small part of major news portals.

This study was meant to explore the students' perception of the credibility of Malaysian online news portals using the method of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The results of the study reveal that the proliferation of technologies such as social media and internet accessibility has greatly facilitated university students' access to online news portals. Individuals are seeking up-to-date information more than ever, due to the convenience of technology. Mainstream, alternative, and independent news portals each have distinct impacts on students. Key factors contributing to these credibility issues include information-seeking behaviour, convenience, confirmation bias, and social interaction. Perceptions of credibility vary depending on the type of news portal in the eyes of university students which could be driven by ideology, prejudice, and bias. However, convenience and credibility theme explain why online news portals are often criticized for their lack of credibility in the eyes of university students. Many students perceive clickbait headlines as a major issue with Malaysian online news portals, often finding discrepancies between headlines and the actual content of articles. Incomplete information and journalists' reluctance to address sensitive issues are also significant concerns for students when selecting online news portals. Bias and credibility issues on online news portals often manifest in political and racial controversies. Students also mentioned the 3R issues during the interviews. Despite these concerns, online news portals remain the primary source of information for university students. Overall, the credibility issues have eroded students' confidence in the reliability of online news.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of SARA (racial/religional) issues sentiment between online news portal and social media. The sentiment analysis method has been applied in this study, by using IMM application during the period of 2018. The results concluded that either in online news portal or social media, SARA issues sentiment have been detected positively during January to August 2018. Generally, negative sentiment on social media tend to be higher compared to online news portal. This condition related to the nature of social media that allows its user to express their opinion freely. The highest percentage of negative sentiment on social media found in January 2018, while it happened a month later in the news portal. It shows that in certain conditions, social media could be more responsive regarding social issues compared to online news portal. Delay response in news portal mainly caused by editorial process and hierarchy system on responding an issue. The initial issue usually has brought up by social media, that followed by news portals in formal manner.

Following the advance of information technology, nowadays online news portal is very popular. By accessing news portal, people can easily read news from their smartphone, smart tab, and other mobile devices. In terms of human–computer interaction aspect, news portal should serve an effective interaction between the website and the readers. News portal should be designed based on standard interface design rules, which is commonly called Eight Golden Rules. The objective of this research is to evaluate the interface of two major Indonesian online news portals, Viva News and Detikcom. Both news portals were evaluated using heuristic method based on eight criteria; consistency, shortcut availability informative feedback, design dialog, error handling, easy reversal action, sense of user control, and reduce short-term memory load. The result shows the evaluation of each news portal and the comparison between both news portals. The evaluation result is then useful to improve the usability and functionality of the portals.

We investigated the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality. We content analyzed 2,601 newspaper stories and 1,522 television news stories in the period surrounding the Amsterdam meetings of European heads of state in 1997. Our results showed that, overall, the attribution of responsibility frame was most commonly used in the news, followed by the conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality frames, respectively. The use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the type of topic. Most significant differences were not between media (television vs. the press) but between sensationalist vs. serious types of news outlets. Sober and serious newspapers and television news programs more often used the responsibility and conflict frames in the presentation of news, whereas sensationalist outlets more often used the human interest frame.

This research is intended to find out the ideology behind two translated articles from two news portal about a profile of a doctor namely dr. Khitam Hussein a Palestinian born woman who works in Israel hospital in Rambam near Haifar, Israel. Qualitative descriptive method is used in this research in order to gather and to analyze data of translated news articles from two online news portal; they are CNN Indonesia, and Serambi news. To analyze the translation on two news articles, Gardner theory from hermeneutic is used to find out on the ideology of two translators from two online news portals through their translated news article. The finding of the result shows that the ideology behind two online portal news influences on their translation results on the news article about a Palestinian born woman doctor who works in Israel hospital, who leads an effort in combating Corona virus in that hospital.