Abstract
The institution of the president exists in the majority of the countries of the western world.Depending on the prerogatives granted by the constitution, the president may performeither a representative function or have the real power. No matter what the role of thepresident is, the position is deeply embedded in the political system, and the constitutional law as well as political practice specify its scope of competencies and capabilities.When we go beyond the Euro-Atlantic area, we can also find the states where an officeof president is run. While its formation, Asian, African and South American societies,consciously or not, usually emulated the Euro-Atlantic experiences. In general, historicalbackground of the non-European states, however, makes the history of the presidentialoffice shorter, and the introduction of this position was often a result of violent sociopolitical changes. What often distinguishes the presidencies of the African and Asiancountries from the Euro-Atlantic ones is their instability – in running this office a lotdepends on the personality traits of the person holding it as well as on the tradition (orlack thereof) of strong central governance. On that premise, the presidency history ofa non-European state, i.e. Afghanistan can be presented. This is an interesting case sincethe above mentioned factors are clearly visible in here, and the state’s internal politicalsituation is unstable. In addition, as the international forces are supposed to be withdrawnfrom the country until the end of 2014, the president may then become the main bodyformulating public policy and, thus, shaping the future of Afghanistan.
Highlights
On the Afghan constitutions see for exampleThe only exception was the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
The institution of the president exists in the majority of the countries of the western world
Depending on the prerogatives granted by the constitution, the president may perform either a representative function or have the real power
Summary
The only exception was the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901) This Afghan ruler was able, due to his personal authority and rising external pressures, to create a relatively centralised state. As a result of the Abdur Rahman Khan policy, the Afghan state became much more centralised and the centrifugal forces of the Pushtun tribes were weakened. His achievements were permanent enough that even the actions of his successors, who carried somewhat different policy, could not completely undo his achievements. The concession of such freedoms as the freedom of establishing political parties and
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