Abstract
Presentation of empirical equations for estimating engineering properties of soils is a simple, low cost and widely-used method. One of the major concerns in using these equations is evaluating their accuracy in different conditions and regions which often lead to doubts about obtained results. Most of these equations were derived in special laboratories, different climate conditions and in soils with different geotechnical and geological engineering properties and were generalized to other conditions. The main question is that whether these methods are also applicable to other conditions. Using local equations and narrowing the usage range of various methods based on each region’s properties are appropriate methods to solve these problems. This leads to simplified and faster analysis and high reliability in the obtained results. In this paper, empirical equations were derived to estimate internal friction angle, based on SPT numbers of Mashhad City’s soils in Iran, using SPT and direct shear tests results from 50 samples (25 GW and 25 GC soil samples). The results showed similar values for predicted φ values by SPT test and φ values determined by direct shear tests.
Highlights
Internal friction angle is one of the most important parameters in analyzing soil geotechnical properties and earthwork calculations
Based on properties of a given soil profile such as fine or coarse grained, various tests such as direct shear and triaxial tests are recommended for obtaining internal friction angle parameter
Results of direct shear tests (φ values) and depth and dry unit weight of samples are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 [12]
Summary
Internal friction angle is one of the most important parameters in analyzing soil geotechnical properties and earthwork calculations. It has a wide range of applications such as calculating retaining walls, foundations, friction and end-bearing piles and so on [1] [2]. This research aims to obtain internal friction angle of soils using standard penetration test for different types of soils in Mashhad. For this purpose, several equations have already been presented [3]. Internal friction angle for Mashhad city can be estimated using appropriate equations for the city soil conditions, soil types, samples depth and specific unit weight
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