Abstract
AbstractIn the past few decades, stem cell transplantation has been generally accepted as an effective method on the treatment of tissue and organ injury. However, the insufficient number of transplanted stem cells and low survival rate that caused by series of negative conditions limit the therapeutic effect. In this contribution, we developed an injectable hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA) and Type I collagen (ColI), as the tissue scaffold to create better growth microenvironment for the stem cells. Compared the traditional SA scaffold, the ColI/SA hydrogel inherits its biomimetic properties, and simultaneously has shorter gelation time which means less loss of the transplanted stem cells. The mesenchyma stem cell (MSC) culture experiments indicated that the ColI/SA hydrogel could prevent the MSC apoptosis and contributed to faster MSC proliferation. It is highlighted that this ColI/SA hydrogel may have potential application for tissue regeneration and organ repair as the stem cell scaffold.
Highlights
IntroductionIntroduction sll(cCghtccMrtioSriouorueomaoaASepgulrlsmnnatCveei)ilutnstdldispaaevpprthhmnaehaapnrlbeordaonlerdaeeerrenlryiotdttxiivtaTetnthfrspeeeehtrytgjeedenrheripaartagrctegsvatensietthtmerptibatlhoeorIaarebiepemewnatoutclpnoid.emoMcttoattchiiaIlhesnctieitSlurimanymloCeiislgatdtsnsnfeieiieasfrm.dacthadeonpiTtrlilicceghcooghbat(Seapeeph.CyepwAltnrtIlosepcmoonishvtdglsolepseiIiiechtrm)icrcmehtsoas,ithahreeepifnatatscfsandiiomnmoseeotccosldlstnoetdheetlfh,hhnnacdy,saanfepiaLmb(sLoAencttmotntroesrwhanteerasfrt,igedCfteoaoafbieeottihataAefssdorldrrdsuisoneiosiFp(tCsTlis∗tbut[AitlsuuwsIdamsehvos1dih/uselCueodcimrie1,lSeie.uusAeetIdno,tieeAAle/scbhslmoflls,cLSnd[tcpootrIai∗lsa1eaweAh/eeataeonarnsat,lneSmigofymonletddlifttdATrheedgerfo(ohriafdoimynMhcirtifatoldrAhentidaoudeedoeersoufSitayalgv∗rseritTahonlKCbrdaoteatele.sde1goyeeersr)g----el.erI4euroancolw.mscndw8oneitiSttlwifsrasTdma]n]bhalltotohioa)te,nthellfsctie;llesireiilei-nrlgs[adeihssezgmsdiclfm(3sudreeiasmaveohcemuc,anansepbso)rsuacandaTlocoshohosaurteletanskedalsnheeeemhfandlitneliltbcwlpongemtcnlleduFthVsyaboeitsanaoteclhar.lo-iofLpuwnnuirlbire.aalfgteilnredeieoTiyecySpnrnleagnlfncgomch,liaedocutr(segiaeoseetonnosnupirxsncilotgsaanvevpslahloulbhttayfnreeagitee4hvhereateunmasrbndemair.ep[eamij1atte1tittuldephhpuy,pshbpaTahda0tentr,iltare5ttiaeaepaise,tyeeoloigasvas.hrritioiDrs5srhpsgnicrmatenrwaeonn]ytuouorreopcind)hcdaeoiiomseet;rfitaneaolcepseswroxrslgsufc(nteanerirpptpriVegeeofiagtatiennv-isosrhhnonielotrlpesr,cot)ytifrilentggdiss-lrpeoesepsaymgdoteietutaadnaamnhrwibnuserffu(aintliccnfaee1cimargcia6alaidoe)ahgceaelaicrte.t.cllavscLes1oprfeaerycbHooloLfiaoue]eerifcupenomg)ravfnnfafemontyol;lrnaegrcoelaroitwwidvon(accpcccairotmoninisqptpaerhaerhisgacrffyiFaao(vloupcroroheti)p2pttnieidrecan,ttnterhrbt)aldrwerntrwhsfph.aam,tep,heietfdpveTlypneohiseaosaiaiaaenilhthsnelatltsanrtiahcLinytdyetosymnpeoscrindtecmhtsmrrpflntlsno((teurseoala7saacem(yuno.nnofcdnwn3)esoatroaFcere.(tnmiiei-tceafilnr6m5otaineolItnloouaeerl))tanhndod[egrsdstff,,l.h1abnddpip3leenpuio,itezsna(ehlDsiestaignieamerdetredineadvnLotocsn[uoeebd4mesitaoaeot,da(loinlsCciliio)ritlmiaioysnynpatrhrethdfbA1oteoenDe nition 1.4]); (vi) tthhies Lweoornk,artwdopaniartucoranlsmisotilnecguolefsa, spoadiiruomf oaplgpinoasitteeagnednerators for th bra, acting on an evaTlyupaetioI ncomlloagdeunl,e w(seeree[c5h, oPsreonpotositpiorenp9a.r2e])a.nThinejeecxtaamblpele (i) is a speci*E4n5C0goi0rnr0ee1es,prPionRngCd, hZinhingeana,guezt-hhmooarusil:U:JlniinjiivgneagrnasniLt@yi,, S1z0zcu0h.oeSodcliueo.ncfncMeaaeRnteoxdraaiFadaml,nLSZgepchxiteelianenAgcsGze,uh(aaAionniu∗id,),d(eivn)oaterasecnaasdLfpfeboeolicdonicaaotlromdcapppsraaeotisvirbiodolefen(hvVay)p..dpWrrooegpecrlaiaantsedtemhteeicrtrmioseisnnueveiwreonhngemitnheeneertrAifno,grA∗ is self-dualUniversity, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Center of galactose and glucose, and it is the main component of stem cell and regenerative medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of of the extracellular matrix that improves cell growth©Th2is01w9oKrakziusmliacseansNeodmuunradearndthPeaCurleTaetriwveillCigoemr,mpuobnlsished by De Gruyter
Preparation of the ColI/structure of natural polysaccharide (SA) hydrogel: The ColI/SA hydrogel was prepared by the interaction of SA, CaCO3, and ColI: In brief, SA (Sigma, USA) was dissolved in deionized water to create 1% and 2% solution, while ColI (Sigma, USA) was dissolved in acetate buffer (1M) to create 0.5% solution; the ColI and SA solution were mixed with concentration ratios of 1:4 (Samples were labeled as SA4ColI1) or 1:2 (Samples were labeled as SA2ColI1); the CaCO3 suspension and Gluconic acid lactone (GDL, Sigma-Aldrich) solution were introduced in the ColI/SA mixture to start the gel process [6]; the ColI/SA hydrogels were obtained after 15 min reaction, and the single SA hydrogel prepared with the 2% solution was used as control in this study
The SA, SA4ColI1 and SA2ColI1 hydrogels exhibited different pore diameters: The SA showed its pore diameters ranged from 300 μm to 1000 μm, while the SA4ColI1 presented its diameters from 200 μm to 500 μm, and the SA2ColI1 possessed the values from about 50 μm to 100 μm
Summary
Introduction sll(cCghtccMrtioSriouorueomaoaASepgulrlsmnnatCveei)ilutnstdldispaaevpprthhmnaehaapnrlbeordaonlerdaeeerrenlryiotdttxiivtaTetnthfrspeeeehtrytgjeedenrheripaartagrctegsvatensietthtmerptibatlhoeorIaarebiepemewnatoutclpnoid.emoMcttoattchiiaIlhesnctieitSlurimanymloCeiislgatdtsnsnfeieiieasfrm.dacthadeonpiTtrlilicceghcooghbat(Seapeeph.CyepwAltnrtIlosepcmoonishvtdglsolepseiIiiechtrm)icrcmehtsoas,ithahreeepifnatatscfsandiiomnmoseeotccosldlstnoetdheetlfh,hhnnacdy,saanfepiaLmb(sLoAencttmotntroesrwhanteerasfrt,igedCfteoaoafbieeottihataAefssdorldrrdsuisoneiosiFp(tCsTlis∗tbut[AitlsuuwsIdamsehvos1dih/uselCueodcimrie1,lSeie.uusAeetIdno,tieeAAle/scbhslmoflls,cLSnd[tcpootrIai∗lsa1eaweAh/eeataeonarnsat,lneSmigofymonletddlifttdATrheedgerfo(ohriafdoimynMhcirtifatoldrAhentidaoudeedoeersoufSitayalgv∗rseritTahonlKCbrdaoteatele.sde1goyeeersr)g----el.erI4euroancolw.mscndw8oneitiSttlwifsrasTdma]n]bhalltotohioa)te,nthellfsctie;llesireiilei-nrlgs[adeihssezgmsdiclfm(3sudreeiasmaveohcemuc,anansepbso)rsuacandaTlocoshohosaurteletanskedalsnheeeemhfandlitneliltbcwlpongemtcnlleduFthVsyaboeitsanaoteclhar.lo-iofLpuwnnuirlbire.aalfgteilnredeieoTiyecySpnrnleagnlfncgomch,liaedocutr(segiaeoseetonnosnupirxsncilotgsaanvevpslahloulbhttayfnreeagitee4hvhereateunmasrbndemair.ep[eamij1atte1tittuldephhpuy,pshbpaTahda0tentr,iltare5ttiaeaepaise,tyeeoloigasvas.hrritioiDrs5srhpsgnicrmatenrwaeonn]ytuouorreopcind)hcdaeoiiomseet;rfitaneaolcepseswroxrslgsufc(nteanerirpptpriVegeeofiagtatiennv-isosrhhnonielotrlpesr,cot)ytifrilentggdiss-lrpeoesepsaymgdoteietutaadnaamnhrwibnuserffu(aintliccnfaee1cimargcia6alaidoe)ahgceaelaicrte.t.cllavscLes1oprfeaerycbHooloLfiaoue]eerifcupenomg)ravfnnfafemontyol;lrnaegrcoelaroitwwidvon(accpcccairotmoninisqptpaerhaerhisgacrffyiFaao(vloupcroroheti)p2pttnieidrecan,ttnterhrbt)aldrwerntrwhsfph.aam,tep,heietfdpveTlypneohiseaosaiaiaaenilhthsnelatltsanrtiahcLinytdyetosymnpeoscrindtecmhtsmrrpflntlsno((teurseoala7saacem(yuno.nnofcdnwn3)esoatroaFcere.(tnmiiei-tceafilnr6m5otaineolItnloouaeerl))tanhndod[egrsdstff,,l.h1abnddpip3leenpuio,itezsna(ehlDsiestaignieamerdetredineadvnLotocsn[uoeebd4mesitaoaeot,da(loinlsCciliio)ritlmiaioysnynpatrhrethdfbA1oteoenDe nition 1.4]); (vi) tthhies Lweoornk,artwdopaniartucoranlsmisotilnecguolefsa, spoadiiruomf oaplgpinoasitteeagnednerators for th bra, acting on an evaTlyupaetioI ncomlloagdeunl,e w(seeree[c5h, oPsreonpotositpiorenp9a.r2e])a.nThinejeecxtaamblpele (i) is a speci*E4n5C0goi0rnr0ee1es,prPionRngCd, hZinhingeana,guezt-hhmooarusil:U:JlniinjiivgneagrnasniLt@yi,, S1z0zcu0h.oeSodcliueo.ncfncMeaaeRnteoxdraaiFadaml,nLSZgepchxiteelianenAgcsGze,uh(aaAionniu∗id,),d(eivn)oaterasecnaasdLfpfeboeolicdonicaaotlromdcapppsraaeotisvirbiodolefen(hvVay)p..dpWrrooegpecrlaiaantsedtemhteeicrtrmioseisnnueveiwreonhngemitnheeneertrAifno,grA∗ is self-dualUniversity, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Center of galactose and glucose, and it is the main component of stem cell and regenerative medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of of the extracellular matrix that improves cell growth©Th2is01w9oKrakziusmliacseansNeodmuunradearndthPeaCurleTaetriwveillCigoemr,mpuobnlsished by De Gruyter. De nition 1.4]); (vi) tthhies Lweoornk,artwdopaniartucoranlsmisotilnecguolefsa, spoadiiruomf oaplgpinoasitteeagnednerators for th bra, acting on an evaTlyupaetioI ncomlloagdeunl,e w(seeree[c5h, oPsreonpotositpiorenp9a.r2e])a.nThinejeecxtaamblpele (i) is a speci. University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Center of galactose and glucose, and it is the main component of stem cell and regenerative medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of of the extracellular matrix that improves cell growth. Zhou et al.: Preparing an injectable hydrogel with sodium alginate
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