Abstract
Cr0.046Zn0.954O nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by electrospinning and treated with different atmosphere (O2 and H2) annealings. Our work demonstrates that not all the oxygen vacancies can really contribute to the ferromagnetism of cationic Cr3+-doped ZnO (Cr0.046Zn0.954O) electrospun NWs. The photoluminescence measurements show that the single positively charged oxygen vacancy (i.e., Vo+ or F+ centers (Fc)) bound defect states are quite stable in Cr0.046Zn0.954O NWs. Upon hydrogen-annealing, the specifically deep-level defect Fc was annihilated; thus, an electron transfer may occur from shallow donor H+ (e−) to deep donor Fc. An electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g ∼2.0583 was found in the Cr0.046Zn0.954O NWs, which is responsible for Cr3+−Fc complex formation, and a weak broad signal at g ∼15.5807 is considered as another paramagnetic center of Cr-Cr impurity pairs generated in the H2-annealed Cr0.046Zn0.954O NWs. The hydrogen-annealing offers an easier way to Fc engineering where a precise control of magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconducting oxide NWs is sought.
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