Abstract
Lignin valorization plays a crucial role within the modern biorefinery scheme from both the economic and environmental points of view; and the structure and composition of lignin becomes it an ideal precursor for the preparation of advanced carbon materials with high added-value. This review provides an overview of the different carbonaceous materials obtained by thermochemical conversion of lignin, such as activated carbons, carbon fibers, template carbons; high ordered carbons; giving information about the new strategies in terms of the preparation method and their possible applications.
Highlights
Lignin is one of the three basic components of wood and other lignocellulosics
Montane et al (2005) made an interesting research on the activation of Kraft lignin with H3PO4. They have developed a phenomenological kinetic model (Montane et al, FIGURE 3 | XPS P 2p region for an activated carbons obtained by H3PO4 chemical activation of Alcell(R) lignin with an impregnation ratio of 3
We have recently reported a detailed study on the oxidation resistance of these phosphorus-containing activated carbons (ACs) obtained among others materials, from Alcell lignin (Rosas et al, 2012)
Summary
Lignin is one of the three basic components of wood and other lignocellulosics. Lignin is primarily a structural material to add strength and rigidity to cell walls and constitutes between 15 and 40 wt% of the dry matter of woody plants. Isolation of different forms of modified lignin from pulping black liquors and the development of further applications for them has gained a great interest because of the biorefinery process In this context, lignin will be used as raw material for the preparation of chemicals and carbons materials. ACs usually have a well-developed porous structure with a large internal surface area ranging from 500 to 2000 m2/g, high thermal and chemical stability in both highly acidic and alkaline media and, in addition, the chemistry of the carbon surface can be modulated They can be obtained from many diverse materials including different types of lignocellulosic waste (Rodríguez-Mirasol et al, 2005; Ioannidou and Zabaniotou, 2007; Rosas et al, 2009, 2010).
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