Abstract
Using a simple esterification reaction of a hydroxyl group with an anhydride group, pristine lignin was successfully converted to a new lignin (COOH-lignin) modified with a terminal carboxyl group. This chemical modification of pristine lignin was confirmed by the appearance of new absorption bands in the FT-IR spectrum. Then, the pristine lignin and COOH-lignin were successfully incorporated into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix by a typical melt-mixing process. When applied to the COOH-lignin, interfacial adhesion performance between the lignin filler and PLA matrix was better and stronger than pristine lignin. Based on these results for the COOH-lignin/PLA biocomposites, the cost of printing PLA 3D filaments can be reduced without changing their thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as a component in PLA biocomposites adequate for 3D printing was demonstrated.
Highlights
Reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Biocomposites and Additive manufacturing is redefining manufacturing paradigms and has evolved rapidly in recent years
Maleic linked anhydride the lignin and we we assumed that the carboxy group covalently towas thechosen ligninascan servemodifier, as a hydrogen assumed that the carboxy group covalently linked to the lignin can serve as a hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor, as well as a reaction site capable of transesterification with bonding donor and acceptor, as well as a reaction site capable of transesterification with
PLA-based biocomposite series with pristine interfacial adhesion between the COOH-lignin surface and PLA matrix through hydrogen group, we demonstrated possibility ofprepared realizing surface-modified ligninThe decorated by lignin andthe
Summary
Reinforced PLA Biocomposites and Additive manufacturing is redefining manufacturing paradigms and has evolved rapidly in recent years This technology allows for the production of customized parts, prototyping, and material design [1,2]. PLA is a versatile biopolymer polymerized from a renewable agricultural-based monomer, 2-hydroxy propionic acid (lactic acid), which is synthesized by fermentation of starch-rich materials like sugar beets, sugarcanes, and corn [5,6]. This material is a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers used for a wide range of commodity applications since it can be processed in a similar manner to polyolefins, using the same processing machinery. The inherent drawbacks of PLA, such brittleness, low heat resistance, high-cost, and slow crystallization, have impeded its widespread use in commercial applications
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