Abstract
We investigated the effects of chemical activation of hydrothermally derived activated carbon spheres (ACSs) with KOH at 800°C, in hydroxide-to-sample mass ratios of 2–5:1, on the pore structure, surface chemical species, and adsorption characteristics of the carbonized materials. ACS samples were prepared from glucose, sucrose, and xylose saccharide precursors. Changes in microstructure and surface chemistry of ACs were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and zeta potential. The ACSs possess high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups leading to negative surface charges. It was used to evaluate the adsorption capacities toward two heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Cu2+), phenol, one basic dye methylene green (MG5), and one acid dye acid red 1 (AR1). The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb2+, Cu2+, phenol, MG5, and AR1 reached 46, 42, 329, 452, and 392mg/g, respectively, indicating that chemically activated ACSs might be an effective material for the adsorptive removal of various contaminants from the environment. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms and adsorption capacities of the test contaminants were discussed based on the surface characteristics of the ACSs.
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