Abstract
A porous carbon material was prepared from quinoa husk (QH) by carbonization and chemical activation with KOH. A series of experiments, including SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption, were carried out on the porous carbon produced from quinoa husk (PC–QH). The results showed that PC–QH was mainly composed of activated carbon and graphite. Moreover, PC–QH exhibited a high level of porosity with a BET (the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory) surface area of 1713 m2 g−1. As a representative dye, malachite green (MG) was selected to evaluate the performance of PC–QH to absorb the contaminants in dyeing wastewater. In batch adsorption experiments, PC–QH exhibited a high adsorption rate toward malachite green (MG). An uptake capacity of 599.90 mg g−1 was achieved in the initial 5 min, and the MG adsorption capacity of PC–QH reached 1365.10 mg g−1, which was higher than many other adsorbents. The adsorption data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. PC–QH also displayed a high absorption rate to rhodamine B (RhB), methyl violet (MV), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO). The results in this study suggest that PC–QH can be a promising adsorbent for quick treatment of dyeing wastewater.
Highlights
As a high performance material, porous carbon has been widely used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, separation, gas storage, energy storage, electrochemistry, etc., due to its unique advantages such as high specific surface area, large pore volume, special functional groups, and excellent chemical stability [1,2,3]
The results indicate that KOH can serve as a observed, which may result from the reaction of C–quinoa husk (QH) and KOH
The results showed that the adsorption process might not follow the intra-particle the intra-particle diffusion model. diffusion model
Summary
As a high performance material, porous carbon has been widely used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, separation, gas storage, energy storage, electrochemistry, etc., due to its unique advantages such as high specific surface area, large pore volume, special functional groups, and excellent chemical stability [1,2,3]. Studies on porous carbon derived from biomass have attracted much interest [4,5]. Like agricultural wastes, are inexpensive, abundant, and readily available. Once they are discarded or burned inappropriately, the ecological environment would be seriously polluted. These materials can be utilized as sources of the production of porous carbon materials. Carbon materials derived from biomass have already been used in the fields of supercapacitors [6,7], catalysis [8], electrocatalysis [9], adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions [10], and so on
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