Abstract
Aim: In this present study, Gold Nanoparticles are prepared by biosynthesis method using Phenolic Rich Fractions of ethanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. which was characterized and evaluated for their In-vitro antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer potential against HeLa cells.
 Materials and Methods: Plant mediated AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) were synthesized using phenolic rich fractions of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. and characterization was done by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and TEM analysis and Selected Area Electron Diffraction SAED pattern. The synthesized AuNPs were assessed for its pharmacological studies.
 Results: Initially the formation of AuNPs has been identified by its change of colour followed by UV–visible spectroscopy (at 550 nm) due to surface Plasmon resonance. Using XRD pattern the crystalline property of AuNPs were confirmed. The functional group existing in Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus gangeticus L. responsible for the reduction of gold ion and the stabilization of AuNPs was investigated through FT-IR. The spherical shape of AuNPs were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. From the results, it is confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs having good antidiabetic potential at a very low concentration as well as potent anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also observed with potent antioxidant activity.
 Conclusion: From the present study, the synthesized AuNPs using Amaranthus gangeticus L. were found to be very potent to treat the major diseases like cancer and diabetes.
Highlights
Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth of research and applications in the area of Nano science and nanotechnology
Despite recent improvements made in the treatment of cancer and diabetes, there is a growing interest in herbal drugs and their formulations due to the undesired side effects associated with chemotherapy and oral hypoglycaemic agent [6]
Preparation of Phenolic Rich Fraction and its Total Phenolic Content Determination: The phenolic compounds – rich fraction from Amaranthus gangeticus. (47.256g) was prepared and its Total phenolic Content was calculated as 104.4 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) /g
Summary
Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth of research and applications in the area of Nano science and nanotechnology. Natural compounds are being screened for treating several major diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and microbial diseases This is mainly because natural drugs possess unique advantages, such as lower toxicity and side effects, low-price, and good therapeutic potential [7]. Leaves are rich in proteins and micronutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and vitamin A This plant reported in ayurveda as astringent in menorrhagia, leucorrhoea, dysentery, diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis; used in cough, bronchitis and externally used as emollient. It has been used for the treatment of piles, blood disorders, bladder distress, tooth ache, dysentery and as astringent, diuretic, haemorrhage and hepatoprotective action [10] Considering these aspects, the present study focuses on the potential anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of Phyto-synthesized gold NPs
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