Abstract
Preoperative irradiation of unresectable rectal carcinomas allows about 50% of patients to have a complete resection, and many are able to undergo a sphincter-sparing procedure. In muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder, preoperative radiotherapy appears to decrease both node positivity and the risk of pelvic recurrence by about 50% and to increase survival by 10% to 15%, as compared with results achieved with cystectomy alone. Radiotherapy alone is effective against advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix; the routine use of adjuvant hysterectomy does not appear justified.
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