Abstract
Background: Pyrethroids have been widely used in residential and agricultural areas. However, little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognition in early development of offspring. In this study, the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on learning and memory abilities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor, and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the hippocampus of offspring rats were investigated.Experimental Approaches: Groups each of six female SD rats, as F0-generation, were administered with deltamethrin (0, 0.54, 1.35, and 2.7, 9 mg/kg), or memantine (10 mg/kg), or co-administered with deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) and memantine (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage during pregnancy. The learning and memory ability was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) task on postnatal day 21. The expression of NMDAR (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B), BDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and pCREB/CREB in hippocampus were assessed with western blotting.Results: Prenatal exposure to a relatively low dose of deltamethrin (2.7, 1.35, and 0.54 mg/kg) had no impact on learning and memory abilities or the expression of NMDAR, BDNF, pTrkB, and pCREB in the hippocampus of the exposed offspring. The group treated with 9 mg/kg deltamethrin showed impaired cognitive abilities and decreased expression levels of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB in the hippocampus. However, the declined cognitive ability were ameliorated by memantine treatment with increased GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB expression in the hippocampus.Conclusion and Implications: Prenatal exposure to a relatively high does of deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) alters cognition in offsprings and that this cognitive dysfunction can be ameliorated by memantine treatment. Moreover, NMDAR/BDNF signaling may be associated with the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognitive ability in offspring.
Highlights
As a series of high effectiveness and low mammalian toxic insecticide, pyrethroids have been widely used in residential and agricultural areas (Tu et al, 2016)
The results of the present study suggested that a high dose of deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) exposure during pregnancy resulted in cognitive impairment and altered expression of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), and phosphorylated tyrosine kinase B (pTrkB) in offspring on postnatal day 21 (PND 21)
The body weights of the pups in 9 mg/kg deltamethrin treated group were significantly higher on postnatal day 0 (PND 0) [F(6,387) = 6.897, P < 0.01] than control group, but were unaffected on PND 7, PND 14, and PND 21 (Table 1)
Summary
As a series of high effectiveness and low mammalian toxic insecticide, pyrethroids have been widely used in residential and agricultural areas (Tu et al, 2016). Pyrethroids themselves and their metabolites have been found to exist in our surroundings, such as in soil, residues of food, and breast milk (Du et al, 2010; Saillenfait et al, 2015). The effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on learning and memory abilities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor, and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the hippocampus of offspring rats were investigated. The expression of NMDAR (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B), BDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and pCREB/CREB in hippocampus were assessed with western blotting
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