Abstract
The study performs a comparative analysis of the wear of tools made of two wear-resistant materials: steel Hardox 600 and NC11LV, used in the process of forming a band for roofing tiles. The analyses were to allow the assessment of the possibility of replacing the standard material for tools in this process with a much less expensive tool steel for cold work after heat treatment (with a large number of carbides), as an alternative material dedicated to tools resistant to intense abrasive wear. The performed investigations included a macroscopic and geometrical analysis with the use of 3D scanning, microstructural analyses conducted by means of a light microscope, as well as an analysis of the topography of the working areas of the tools with the use of SEM, and microhardness tests. The obtained results demonstrate that the tools made of both materials were characterized with a similar level of wear, which, in the most critical area, reached over 4 mm, while the tools made of steel NC11LV worked over a much longer period of time without regeneration, equaling 912 h, and an insert made of steel Hardox 600 operated for 384 h. A higher tool life in the case of NC11LV steel may be the result of higher hardness and the presence of hard carbides.
Highlights
At present, the most frequently applied roofing materials include ceramic tiles, concrete tiles, steel tiles and bituminous tiles [1]
Elements mounted in the machines and devices on roofing tile production lines have to be especially resistant to abrasive wear, which occurs as a result of a contact with the extruded band of clay
The main task of the tools is to provide the shape and thickness of the strand; special attention should be paid to these elements because the degree and type of wear affect the quality of the final product
Summary
The most frequently applied roofing materials include ceramic tiles, concrete tiles, steel tiles and bituminous tiles [1]. The main aspect of the development of this area is environmental protection [3] and recycling of waste [4], the search for new alternative materials for ceramic tiles [5,6] and the optimization of materials used in the production of machine elements for the production of tiles [7]. Elements mounted in the machines and devices on roofing tile production lines have to be especially resistant to abrasive wear, which occurs as a result of a contact with the extruded band of clay. This creates high pressures on these tools, causing their intensive wear and an increase in the temperature in the clay band–tool contact, as well as other destructive mechanisms and phenomena
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