Preferred skin tones reproduction of three ethnic groups under different ambient lighting conditions

Abstract

A large-scale experiment was conducted to investigate facial image quality on mobile phones. There were 8 original facial images from 4 skin tone types, each included a male and a female image. Each image was captured at 6500K and they were rendered to have 5 CCT (correlated colour temperature) and 5 Duv (the shifts away from the Blackbody locus) levels via CAT02 chromatic adaptation transform to simulate the effect of the images captured under 25 different lighting conditions. Each image was assessed under 9 ambient lighting conditions( including one dark condition) by 90 observers from 3 ethnic groups (Caucasian, Chinese and South Asian), each 30 observers. Preferred facial skin tone ellipse was established by maximizing the correlation coefficient between the model predicted probability and the preference percentage from the visual results. Four types of preferred skin tones had small differences in hue angle and chroma, but concentrated into a small colour region, about [24.7, 46.1°] for Cab* and hab values respectively. All ethnic group preferred images taken under illuminants having high CCT (6500-8000 K). It was also found that the chroma of the preferred skin tones will slightly increase as the ambient lighting CCT decrease.