Preference for symmetry, balance, or proximity in picture aesthetics depends on the method of evaluation

Visual symmetry perception and symmetry preference have been studied extensively. However, less is known about how people spontaneously scan symmetrical stimuli with their eyes. We thus examined spontaneous saccadic eye movements when participants (N = 20) observed patterns with horizontal or vertical mirror reflection. We found that participants tend to make saccades along the axis of reflection and that this oculomotor behaviour was similar during objective classification and subjective evaluation tasks. The axis-scanning behaviour generates a dynamic sequence of novel symmetrical images from a single static stimulus. This could aid symmetry perception and evaluation by enhancing the neural response to symmetry.

The State Council Executive Meeting was held in early 2014.To accelerate the development of Modern Vocational Education, and "lead a group of local undergraduate colleges and universities to transform into the applied and technical colleges and universities" was explicitly proposed.It means that parts of the local colleges and universities transform into the applied and technical colleges and universities, which has become a national strategic decision.In this context, increasing foreign language education evaluation system research is helpful to promote the independent colleges to walk the road of transformation and development.One of the most important evaluation methods of the formative assessment is the principle of diversification.This evaluation method should break the previous summative way to take including teachers' evaluation, students' self-evaluation, students' mutual evaluation, observation, questionnaires, activity records, interviews and other diversified methods.An investigation research on foreign language education method of independent college in Jilin Province from the diversified evaluation principle of formative evaluation will be carried out.Exploratory thinking on the construction of independent college foreign language education will be put forward guided by the constructivism theory of diversified teaching evaluation and combined with the reform experiments of diversified teaching evaluation implemented in our college.So it can promote the reform of college English evaluation system smoothly.

In Japan, the "Guideline for Bioequivalence (BE) Studies of Generic Products for Topical Use" was issued in 2003 to present the basic principles for BE evaluation methods for generic topical dermatological drug products. However, a detailed analysis of trends in BE evaluation methods in Japan has not yet been reported. In addition, a detailed comparison of the BE evaluation methods used at the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has also not been performed. We surveyed BE evaluation methods for generic topical dermatological drug products in Japan based on the PMDA website from 2000 to 2023. We also compiled the latest guideline information for the PMDA, US FDA, and EMA. Before the guideline was issued from 2000 to 2003, most generic topical dermatological drug products were evaluated using pharmacological tests in animals. After the guideline was issued in 2003, dermato-pharmacokinetic studies have become the main method for BE evaluation other than antiseptics in Japan. The greatest difference between the US FDA and EMA versus current Japanese regulations was the introduction of a biowaiver approach based on Q1/Q2 and Q3 similarities and in vitro test equivalence. This finding confirmed that the publication of the guideline significantly influenced the BE evaluation methods for topical dermatological drug products in Japan. Furthermore, Japan may consider a biowaiver approach based on Q1/Q2 and Q3 similarity and in vitro test equivalence.

Purpose. To give expert assessment of production and professional risks at plants and factories. Methodology. There are many different methods of assessing industrial and occupational risks. Among them, it is hardly possible to single out some universal method that would be suitable for all organizations. Therefore, specialists choose the method of risk assessment independently. This article considers the possibilities of applying expert assessment methods in the analysis of industrial and professional risks. Methods of expert evaluation have been briefly outlined, which can be divided into two groups: individual and collective, and it has also been shown that the methods of expert evaluation are a way of forecasting and evaluating future results as well as the actions based on the forecasts of specialists. Results. It has been indicated that occupational risk is a risk that covers each of all dangers that may exist in the company during the development of normal activities, that the prevention of these risks consists of a set of prevention plans and measures that are carried out in plants, factories and in companies to prevent risky situations. In this way, the danger or risk that the activity presents to the employee must be eliminated or reduced. Practical significance. It has been shown that the production risk is defined as the risk associated with the manufacturing of products, goods, services, and with the implementation of any type of production activity, in the process of which entrepreneurs face the problems of inadequate use of raw materials, increase in cost price, increase in loss of working time, inefficient use of new methods of production. The main reasons for the production risk of a company or of a product manufacturer have been indicated. A brief explanation of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, requirements for the expert commission and the experts themselves has been given.

The pulmonary drug delivery system offers several merits over other drug delivery systems and therefore, this delivery route has been in prime focus for various applications like local and systemic therapeutics delivery. The overall development of drug delivery system depends on its efficacy, quality and safety and to achieve such attributes there is a need of reliable evaluation methods to test them. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the development in the evaluation of pulmonary drug delivery systems. In vitro methods of testing pulmonary products such as particle morphological studies, powder flow characteristics, moisture content test, aerosol turboelectric characterization, particles interparticulate forces measurement and solid state characterizations were discussed. Particle size and zeta potential measurement and evaluation of aerosol performance such as dose uniformity and aerodynamic particle size distribution were reviewed in detail. The development of dissolution methods for pulmonary products is also elaborated. Various cell culture methods for testing pulmonary products were overviewed. The in vivo testing methods including drug administration systems, drug deposition studies and pharmacokinetic studies and ex vivo testing models were also highlighted. Together an overview of current advancement in evaluation and characterization of pulmonary drug delivery system can be analyzed and studied through this review.The pulmonary drug delivery system offers several merits over other drug delivery systems and therefore, this delivery route has been in prime focus for various applications like local and systemic therapeutics delivery. The overall development of drug delivery system depends on its efficacy, quality and safety and to achieve such attributes there is a need of reliable evaluation methods to test them. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the development in the evaluation of pulmonary drug delivery systems. In vitro methods of testing pulmonary products such as particle morphological studies, powder flow characteristics, moisture content test, aerosol turboelectric characterization, particles interparticulate forces measurement and solid state characterizations were discussed. Particle size and zeta potential measurement and evaluation of aerosol performance such as dose uniformity and aerodynamic particle size distribution were reviewed in detail. The development of dissolution methods for pulmonary products is also elaborated. Various cell culture methods for testing pulmonary products were overviewed. The in vivo testing methods including drug administration systems, drug deposition studies and pharmacokinetic studies and ex vivo testing models were also highlighted. Together an overview of current advancement in evaluation and characterization of pulmonary drug delivery system can be analyzed and studied through this review.

As an important part of rural characteristic industry, the evaluation of local specialty products is of great significance for improving product quality, optimizing industrial layout and helping rural revitalization. This paper summarizes the common evaluation methods of native products, including single evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation method, and discusses the characteristics and application scope of these methods, which provides a reference for the scientific evaluation of native products.

Risk is an integral part of the economic activity of any organizations that operate on the market in conditions of competition under the influence of external and internal environments. The word risk is often synonymous with loss, failure, which leads to negative consequences. However, no matter how many scientific or practical works are devoted to this issue, it will continue to be rele-vant, as the world becomes more changeable and threats have become an integral part of our lives. Therefore, assessing the impact of risks is an important component of management activities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the concept of risk, to define the types of risks in foreign economic activity and to present the recommended stages of the process of assessing the impact of foreign economic activity risks of domestic companies through the formation of a sys-tem of indicators. The article considers different approaches to the essence of the interpretation of the concept of "risk". Different types of risks that can affect the enterprise during its foreign economic activities are characterized. The process of assessing the impact of risks of foreign economic activity of do-mestic companies through the formation of a system of indicators has been formed. Each separate step of the recommended process is described. The qualitative and quantitative methods of assess-ment are described. It is emphasized that the choice of risks and, accordingly, their assessment indi-cators depends on the object of the study, the obtained information and its purpose. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that there are a large number of types of risks that cannot be covered in the research process. Therefore, in the process of managing risks in the field of foreign economic activity and assessing their impact, it is necessary to identify first the risks that are most acceptable in a specific situation, taking into account the type of activity, the po-litical and economic situation, the level of cooperation with an external counterparty, etc. And on the basis of the selected list and evaluation tasks, decide on the evaluation methods and directly the types of indicators. The recommended process will allow not only to reduce the labour intensity of work related to risk management, but also to obtain operational information for solving the key problem.

Article dans revue scientifique avec comité de lecture.

Using image forming methods, products from organic and conventional origin have been discriminated with high accuracy, but the meaning of these differences in terms of product quality is so far poorly understood. The aim of the presented study is therefore to gain further insights into the suitability of image forming methods for food quality evaluation based on wheat samples from a long-term field trial on the comparison of different organic and conventional production systems (DOC-trial). The images of the encoded samples were (1) grouped into pairs with similar image features, (2) characterized based on reference images (e.g. high resistance to degradation – low resistance to degradation), (3) ranked (according to the quality characterization), and (4) assigned to the different production methods (classified). The encoded samples from the production methods mineral fertilization, conventional production (combination of mineral fertilization and farmyard manure) and the class of organic production methods (biodynamic, bioorganic and unfertilized control) could be grouped and classified in both years. Within the class of organic production methods grouping (assigning of similar samples to image categories) and classification (assigning of categories to production methods) was partially possible. The correct grouping and classification of samples from organic and conventional production shows that different fertilization systems influence image structures in a typical and reproducible manner. The evaluation approach followed in the presented research can provide a considerable contribution to advance our understanding of quality differences between products from different farming systems or plant production measures.

The paper shows economic evaluation methods of development project have been studied systematically. The work procedure of economic evaluation, index-institutions and comparation ways for development program project has been built. Predictable method of investment of development project have been put foreword, dead reckoning models of decision cost of development project and duration expensive have been built. A kind of forecast method of annual scale profit production has been put foreword, annual rational prorating production of an oil region has been finished on the basis of fully considering object production. Various condition of Petroleum market and resources both in China and abroad have been Summarized and analyzed, considering internationalize price have been keeping about 18$ per bbl in medium-term or long-term. On the basis of statistics and analyses of crude oil unit cost of x oil-region, considering indirect cost is main reason of effecting crude oil unit cost. Main reason that per ton crude oil operation cost increased is a wide margin rising sub-surface maintenance cost. Discussing existing problem of cost keeping and reformatory counterplan for at the present day. Instruction CNPC restructured crossly in 1998, and did again in 1999 for seeking up modern enterprise. Focal point of the work is seeking economic benefit index, not seeking objective production. This moment, it is important how to do development project. Development project of oil & gas field includes annual plan, medium-term project and long-term project, it makes log-term more specific and instructs short development. Therefore, it is the focal point of oil field for development plan. The task of oil field on development project is; on the basis of five-year project, more reasonable and conveniently development program project is selected by economic analysis of reserve resources of old oil field potential. So that arrivals of the goal of less input and more output, coordinates relation among investment, reserve and production, and try to come the whole of good-circulation; controling crude oil cost and profit-to-investment ratio of exploration and development and reserves-production ratio, oil field will develop abidingly. Economic Evaluation of Development Program Project Study The Work Procedure of Economic Evaluation for Development Program Project Economic evaluation of development project must be based on technical feature of the total project, developing all kinds of special subjects and economy evaluation and optimization. Its steps following:Data gathering. Mainly consisting of undeveloped explored reserves, data statistics of developed region, and investigation of project performing.Economic special topic study. Commonly including eight respects special topic studies: selection and determination of economic parameters; economic evaluation of undeveloped region reserves (on the base of geologic evaluation, according to technical-evaluation of oil field, forecast economic value of industrial development for reserves in the future, study feasibility of industrial exploitation. Put them in order on the base of their profits, and provide the scandium that program project reasonably utilizes resource.); economic dynamic analysis and projection for developed region; economic index counting and analyzing of new development areas; analyzing crude oil price trend and domestic supply-demand relation ship; a method of economic evaluation for dense oil development; software development of project economic evaluation.Economic evaluation of the whole program project, analyzing comprehensively; writing economic evaluation report. Economic evaluation features of development program project Economic evaluation of development program project uses a method of item evaluation (cash flow) to research development investment benefit in the project duration. The Work Procedure of Economic Evaluation for Development Program Project Economic evaluation of development project must be based on technical feature of the total project, developing all kinds of special subjects and economy evaluation and optimization. Its steps following:Data gathering. Mainly consisting of undeveloped explored reserves, data statistics of developed region, and investigation of project performing.Economic special topic study. Commonly including eight respects special topic studies: selection and determination of economic parameters; economic evaluation of undeveloped region reserves (on the base of geologic evaluation, according to technical-evaluation of oil field, forecast economic value of industrial development for reserves in the future, study feasibility of industrial exploitation. Put them in order on the base of their profits, and provide the scandium that program project reasonably utilizes resource.); economic dynamic analysis and projection for developed region; economic index counting and analyzing of new development areas; analyzing crude oil price trend and domestic supply-demand relation ship; a method of economic evaluation for dense oil development; software development of project economic evaluation.Economic evaluation of the whole program project, analyzing comprehensively; writing economic evaluation report. Economic evaluation features of development program project Economic evaluation of development program project uses a method of item evaluation (cash flow) to research development investment benefit in the project duration.

Введение. Автором статьи анализируется тестовый контроль как инновационный метод оценки компетенций, используемый в процессе обучения юридическим дисциплинам. Современные информационные технологии в оценке компетенций основаны на ФГОС 3, ориентированы на внедрение компетентностного подхода. Цель статьи обосновать и раскрыть применение тестового контроля как метода объективной оценки компетенций обучающихся по профилю Правоведение и правоохранительная деятельность , который позволяет выявить, ориентируется ли обучающийся в системах нормативноправового регулирования общественных отношений. Материалы и методы. Основной метод исследования анализ научной литературы, посвященной тестовому контролю как методу оценки компетенций, используемый в процессе обучения юридическим дисциплинам, а также диагностические методики, включающие описание, тестирование, методы статистической обработки данных. Результаты. Обосновано и раскрыто применение тестового контроля как метода объективной оценки компетенций обучающихся по направленности Правоведение и правоохранительная деятельность . Тестовый контроль способствует созданию условий для получения навыков анализа различных правовых явлений, в том числе юридических фактов, правовых норм и правовых отношений, которые являются объектами профессиональной деятельности. Обсуждение. Подчеркивается, что результативность применения тестового контроля как метода объективной оценки компетенций выражается в соответствии с полученными компетенциями обучающихся федерального государственного образовательного стандартам 3. Заключение. Делается вывод о том, что применение тестового контроля как метода объективной оценки компетенций обучающихся по направлению Правоведение и правоохранительная деятельность будет способствовать готовности обучающихся к применению нормы права в профессиональной деятельности в соответствии с нормативными правовыми актами в сфере образования. Ключевые слова: инновационный метод оценки компетенций интерактивный метод оценки компетенции тестовый контроль федеральные государственные образовательные стандарты фонд оценочных средств юридические дисциплины. Основные положения: определены составляющие тестового контроля как метода объективной оценки компетенций обучающихся по направлению Правоведение и правоохранительная деятельность разработан фонд оценочных средств для проведения промежуточной аттестации обучающихся по дисциплине Криминология представлен алгоритм разработки теста для проведения промежуточной аттестации обучающихся по дисциплине Криминология . Introduction. The Author of the article analyzes test control as an innovative method of competency assessment used in the course of legal disciplines training. Modern Information technologies in competency assessment are based on the Federal State Educational Standard 3 (FSES 3 ), focused on the implementation of the competency approach. The Purpose of the article is to substantiate and disclose the application of test control as a method of objective assessment of the competencies of students on the profile Jurisprudence and law enforcement activity, which allows to identify: whether the learner is oriented in systems Legal regulation of public relations. Materials and methods. The Main method of research is the analysis of scientific literature, devoted to test control as a method of evaluation of competencies, used in the process of teaching legal disciplines. As well as diagnostic techniques, including description, testing, methods of statistical data processing. Results. The application of test control as a method of objective evaluation of competences of students in the direction of Jurisprudence and law enforcement activity is Substantiated and disclosed. Test control helps to create conditions for obtaining skills of analysis of various legal phenomena, including legal facts, legal norms and legal relations, which are the objects of professional activity. Discussion. It is Emphasized that the effectiveness of the application of test control as a method of objective assessment of competencies is expressed in accordance with the acquired competencies of students to federal State educational Standards 3 . Conclusion. It is concluded that the application of test control as a method of objective assessment of competencies of students in the direction of Jurisprudence and law enforcement activities will facilitate the readiness of learners to apply the law in Professional activity, in accordance with the normative legal acts in the field of education. Keywords: Innovative method of competency assessment An interactive method of evaluation Competence Test control Federal State educational standards Fund of valuation funds Legal disciplines. Highlights The components of the test control as a method of objective assessment of competencies of students in the direction of Jurisprudence and law enforcement activity are defined The fund of estimation means is developed, at carrying out of intermediate attestation of students on Discipline Criminology The algorithm of development of the test for intermediate attestation of students under the discipline Criminology is presented.

The article substantiates the need to adjust corporate development strategies, business models and production methods, caused by the influence of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Cluster and network structures are capable of ensuring timely digital business transformation. For effective integration into network interaction, it is necessary to form corporate strategies for innovative development based on an effective combination of strategic and operational planning using network methods. The article provides a comparative analysis of the critical path method, the method of evaluation and analysis of programs and projects, the method of graphical assessment and analysis, and the cyclical alternative network model. As a result of the study of network planning methods, it was revealed that the GERT-network modelling allows taking into account the risk factors and uncertainties, and the cyclical alternative network model allows to manage the level of risk and uncertainty. The two-level model of planning and management of industrial production proposed in the article, as well as the developed algorithm for solving the problem of interdepartmental production planning, can be used as the basis for the formation of a strategy for the innovative development of industrial enterprises.

The study examines task evaluation techniques; task outcomes and group structure composition in counteracting social loafing. The approach espoused in this paper is to assess the conventional literature that provides strong support for existence of social loafing phenomenon in groups and to predict counteracting from aforementioned variables.Based on latest literature innovative ways for combating social loafing are discussed. Results provide conclusive support that enhancing evaluation method, task outcomes and group structure were associated with reduced occurrence of social loafing. At group level increased conjunctive task and reward interdependence, heterogeneity and peer evaluation increase social loafing while increase in task meaningfulness, content, intensity, homogeneity, disjunctive and self evaluation reduce social loafing. The paper provides practical implications that enhancing task evaluation techniques, outcomes and group structure reduce social loafing and ultimately increase organizational performance.The study is unique as no one has focused the phenomenon of social loafing in Pakistan, thus it also contribute knowledge to literature.

The purpose of this study is to identify prospective teachers’ perceived competence towards using assessment and evaluation methods. In addition, the study also aims to explore the problems that prospective teachers face when using assessment and evaluation methods. A total of 100 prospective teachers at their final year of studies at the Department of Early Childhood Education of a private university participated in the study. The results of the study revealed that the prospective teachers mostly prefer to use traditional assessment and evaluation methods and face-to-face assessment methods. It was also identified that the prospective teachers’ perceived competence towards using assessment and evaluation methods are at medium level.

Prospect of marine natural gas hydrate stimulation theory and technology system