Abstract
This chapter focuses on phosgene and the related carbonyl halides—COF2, COBr2, COI2, COCIF, COBrF, COFI, COBrC1, COCII, and COBrI (or at least the ones that exist), materials that are extremely hazardous. It is, therefore, essential to have a good working knowledge of their reactive chemistry, physical and thermodynamic properties, toxicity, hazards and (perhaps most important) first aid, and preventative measures before working with them. All of the following statements will be found in the primary, secondary, or tertiary literature: (1) phosgene is responsible for 80% of the gas casualties in World War I, (2) phosgene is a nerve gas used in World War II, (3) phosgene is rapidly destroyed by water, (4) phosgene is an effective chemical warfare agent, and (5) phosgene was responsible for the disaster at Bhopal, the Yokohama train terror (April 1995), Legionnaire's disease uremic coma, and “death clouds” over major cities.
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