Preface to the Special Issue on the International Radiation Symposium 2024

The Inter-Agency Committee on Radiation Safety (IACRS) was constituted in 1990, as a forum for collaboration and coordination between international bodies with regards to radiation safety. It consists today of representatives of eight intergovernmental member organizations (the European Commision, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Labour Office, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/ Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), Pan American Health Organization, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the World Health Organization) and five observer non-governmental organizations (International Commission on Radiological Protection, International Commission on Radiation Units & Measurements, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Radiation Protection Association and International Organization for Standardization). The IACRS provides a platform for interaction between these relevant international bodies to contribute to a common understanding of the scientific basis and legal framework for the application of the system of radiation protection, towards global harmonisation of radiation safety standards. The IACRS played a key role in the development of the International Basic Safety Standards (BSS) in 1996 and in its revision in 2014. Further, an IACRS specific Task Group—chaired by the IAEA—fosters the implementation of the BSS in a consistent and coherent manner in all Member States of the United Nations. The IACRS operates via a standing secretariat jointly provided by the IAEA and OECD/NEA and is chaired by one of its member organizations on a rotating basis for periods of about 18 months. This approach has proved to be effective and was the foundation for ensuring continuity of the work of the committee and at the same time allowing a rotating leadership for all member organizations. Currently, the IACRS is chaired by the WHO. The International Radiation Safety Framework under which the IACRS works is structured around four main areas: (a) science; (b) principles; (c) standards; and (d) practice. This paper presents briefly the mandates, roles and functions of the various international bodies that are relevant to the four above mentioned areas of work, discusses how these bodies coordinate their actions and complement each other to enhance radiation protection and safety worldwide and describes their contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper also provides an overview of the main accomplishments of the IACRS since its inception 30 years ago, and an outlook on key challenges for its future activities.

The international radiation and protection association (IRPA) organises its IVth international congress, at the Paris convention center (CIP)

This article analyzes the main sensitive equipment and frequency characteristics of intelligent connected vehicle in the near future, theoretical analysis and simulation analysis of the antenna method and the TLS method is carried out for the adaptability of international vehicle radiation immunity, and actual electric field distribution in vehicle is evaluated. The author puts forward the shortcomings of the international radiation immunity certification test in the adaptability of intelligent connected vehicle, and proposes an improved methods according to the analysis results.

As part of its responsibilities as nuclear supervisory authority, the Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-Wuerttemberg (UM) operates a computer-based system for remote monitoring of nuclear power plants (NPPs) (KFUe, Kernreaktor-Fernüberwachung). In addition to the Baden-Wuerttemberg NPPs located at Philippsburg, Neckarwestheim and the disused Obrigheim, those in foreign locations close to the border area, i.e. Fessenheim in France, and Leibstadt and Beznau in Switzerland, are monitored. The KFUe system provides several methods to evaluate and present the measured data as well as to ensure compliance of threshold limits and safety objectives. For the UM, it serves as an instrument of the nuclear supervision. In case of a radioactive release, the authorities responsible for civil protection can use dispersion calculations in order to identify potentially affected areas and to initiate protective measures for the population. Beyond the data collected at the plant sites, various international radiation and meteorological measuring networks are integrated in the KFUe. The State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Protection (LUBW), the technical operator of the KFUe, runs its own special monitoring network for ambient gamma dose rate and nuclide specific activity concentration measurements in the vicinity of each NPP. This article gives an overview of the solution to combine data of different sources on a single screen: dose rate networks, dose rate traces measured by car, airborne gamma spectra of helicopters, mobile dose rate probes, grid data of weather forecasts, dispersion calculations, etc.

On behalf of the Radiation Commission of IAMAP, I would like to address my best wishes for the success of this Beijing International Radiation Symposium (BIRS). I am very grateful to our Chinese colleagues, who organized this Symposium and made such a wonderful preparatory work. I wish also to extend my thanks to the American colleagues who worked with the Chinese scientists from the origin of this International Radiation Symposium, which is the first to be held in China. It is a great pleasure and a great honor for the International Radiation Commission (IRC) to cosponsor the BIRS.

Beaches constitute recreational and resort centres in the environment of which radiation is part. With respect to radiation protection practice, the International Radiation Protection bodies from time to time recommend certain exposure limits for different environments. In this study, a Raderlert 100 radiation meter was used to measure the gamma radiation levels in four beaches in Delta State, Nigeria. The purpose is to ascertain whether or not the radiation levels in these resort centres conform with international stipulations and consequently infer if their respective environments are radio logically health compliant such that personnel as well as specified members of the public (customers) are not at radiological risk. Results indicate a dose rate range of (0.010 – 0.015) mRh-1. These are generally higher than the 0.013 mRh-1 recommendation of ICRP. Results also indicate an Annual Effective Dose Equivalent AEDE range of (0.19 – 1.598) mSvy-1 which are higher than the recommended 1 mSvy-1 .Results further indicate an Excess Life Cancer Risk ECLR range of (0.64 – 1.74) x 10-3. These are higher than the 0.29 x10-3 world average. Thus it is concluded that the radiation levels in the environments of the studied beaches exceed international radiation regulatory stipulations.Therefore, in this their present states, these environments are radio logically unhealthy for their respective workers and members of the public.Keywords: Radiation levels; Beaches; Radiological health compliance

Abstract. Small changes in the radiation budget at the earth's surface can lead to large climatological responses when persistent over time. With the increasing debate on anthropogenic influences on climatic processes during the 1980s the need for accurate radiometric measurements with higher temporal resolution was identified, and it was determined that the existing measurement networks did not have the resolution or accuracy required to meet this need. In 1988 the WMO therefore proposed the establishment of a new international Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), which should collect and centrally archive high-quality ground-based radiation measurements in 1 min resolution. BSRN began its work in 1992 with 9 stations; currently (status 2018-01-01), the network comprises 59 stations (delivering data to the archive) and 9 candidates (stations recently accepted into the network with data forthcoming to the archive) distributed over all continents and oceanic environments. The BSRN database is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC). It is hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany, and now offers more than 10 300 months of data from the years 1992 to 2017. All data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880000 free of charge.

To describe the frequency of and to determine predictive factors associated with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity in prostate brachytherapy patients. From January 2004 to April 2011, 466 consecutive Japanese patients underwent permanent iodine-125-seed brachytherapy (median follow up 48 months). International Prostate Symptom Score and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity data were prospectively collected. Prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score before and after brachytherapy, and postimplant analysis were examined for an association with urinary toxicity, defined as Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity of Grade 1 or higher. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with urinary toxicity. The rate of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity grade 1 or higher at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 67%, 40%, 21%, 31%, 27% and 28%, respectively. Grade 2 or higher urinary toxicity was less than 1% at each time-point. International Prostate Symptom Score was highest at 3 months and returned to normal 12 months after brachytherapy. On univariate analysis, patients with a larger prostate size, greater baseline International Prostate Symptom Score, higher prostate V100, higher prostate V150, higher prostate D90 and a greater number of seeds had more acute urinary toxicities at 1 month and 12 months after brachytherapy. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors for urinary toxicity at 1 month and 12 months were a greater baseline International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate V100. Most urinary symptoms are tolerated and resolved within 12 months after prostate brachytherapy. Acute and late urinary toxicity after brachytherapy is strongly related to the baseline International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate V100.

The problem of generalized estimation methods of population distribution functions with auxiliary information: The international trade and radiation measurements

Received 15 October 2010; revised 4 January 2011; accepted 7 February 2011; published 7 May 2011. [1] Scores of modeling studies have shown that increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere impact the global hydrologic cycle; however, disagreements on regional scales are large, and thus the simulated trends of such impacts, even for regions as large as the tropics, remain uncertain. The present investigation attempts to examine such trends in the observations using satellite data products comprising Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud and radiation. Specifically, evolving trends of the tropical hydrological cycle over the last 20–30 years were identified and analyzed. The results show (1) intensification of tropical precipitation in the rising regions of the Walker and Hadley circulations and weakening over the sinking regions of the associated overturning circulation; (2) poleward shift of the subtropical dry zones (up to 2° decade −1 in June‐July‐August (JJA) in the Northern Hemisphere and 0.3–0.7° decade −1 in June‐July‐August and September‐ October‐November in the Southern Hemisphere) consistent with an overall broadening of the Hadley circulation; and (3) significant poleward migration (0.9–1.7° decade −1 ) of cloud boundaries of Hadley cell and plausible narrowing of the high cloudiness in the Intertropical Convergence Zone region in some seasons. These results support findings of some of the previous studies that showed strengthening of the tropical hydrological cycle and expansion of the Hadley cell that are potentially related to the recent global warming trends.

The Need for a Broad-based Introduction to Radiation Science within U.S. Medical Schools' Educational Curriculum.

Apport de la radiothérapie guidée par l’image et repositionnement du patient dans le cancer anorectal

Micro-Mini & Nano Dosimetry and Innovative Technologies in Radiation Oncology - MMND ITRO 2020 The biannual Micro-Mini & Nano Dosimetry and Innovative Technologies in Radiation Oncology (MMND ITRO 2020) international conferences organized by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong jointly with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York were hold on the 10th-16th February 2020 at the Novotel Wollongong Northbeach, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. During MMND ITRO 2020 we celebrated 20th Anniversary of these biannual workshops.Continuing the series of biennial meetings, the Mini- Micro- Nano- Dosimetry (MMND) conference brought together international and Australian radiation oncologists, medical physicists, radiation scientists and nanomedicine experts. Talks were focused on new achievements in radiobiology of radiation therapy including particle therapy and synchrotron MRT, diffused alpha emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) in combination with immunotherapy, radiomics and artificial intelligence as applied to radiation therapy and imaging, advanced dosimetry in radiotherapy, diagnostic imaging and diagnostic radiology for physicists. Special half-day sessions were led by experts from MSKCC on New Technologies in Brachytherapy by Prof. Michael Zelefsky MD, and Radiomics and Machine Learning Models by Prof. Joseph Deasy PhD.Innovative Technologies in Radiation Oncology (ITRO) led by Dr Josh Yamada, MD was devoted to the clinical implementation of new technologies in X-ray therapy, brachytherapy and particle therapy. ITRO 2020 focused on integrating advanced imaging into radiation therapy including MRI guided radiotherapy, MRI for tissue radiation response prediction, imaging in prediction of patient response to immunotherapy, SBRT, SRS, hypofractionation and particle therapy as well as applications of radiomics and artificial intelligence in radiation oncology and radiology.

Funding for radiation protection science and policy has been in decline for more than a decade. Agencies that set policies and standards for radiation protection depend on external expert groups for advice, and unless the funding situation is stabilized, the ability of these advisory organizations to provide timely advice will be compromised. This paper examines the history of radiation protection policy in the United States, reviews the funding patterns of international and national radiation protection advisory bodies, and suggests recommendations for assuring that radiological and radiation protection science remains an important part of the nation's public health policy agenda. Five major advisory organizations are the focus of this paper--ICRP, ICRU, NCRP, National Research Council BEIR Committees, and UNSCEAR. The recommendations developed in this paper address the following issues: (1) the need to coordinate activities among national and international advisory bodies in order to minimize overlap of work scope and ensure comprehensive coverage of major radiation protection issues; (2) the need to reevaluate activities and operations of advisory groups in the context of an ever-changing radiation protection landscape; and (3) the need to establish the NCRP as the major federal advisory organization for radiation protection in the United States and to stabilize funding through Congressional appropriations.

In order to compare the radiation immunity test level of ISO 14708 series standards and the domestic and international environmental radiation standards and then to ascertain whether the radiated immunity test level has reached the limit of the radiation strength in the relevant radiation environmental standards, this paper calculated the radiation field intensity and power density according to the radiated immunity test of ISO 14708 standards, and compared with the limit of ICNIRP 1998 and GB 8702-2014.