Predictors of immune persistence induced by two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccine in high-risk occupational population

Abstract

BackgroundThe immune protection from infection may wane over time as neutralizing antibody levels decline. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict long-term immune persistence induced by two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccine and calculate the neutralizing antibody decline probability of individuals. MethodsIn the initial study, a total of 809 participants were recruited and randomly allocated (1:1:1) to vaccination group with three two-dose schedules on days 0 and 14, 0 and 21, or 0 and 28. The participants with neutralizing antibody titers of 16 or above on day 28 after the second dose were followed up at month 3, 6 and 10. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model and nomogram model were used to identify predictors associated with maintaining of neutralizing antibody levels during 10 months after the second dose. ResultsA total of 744 participants followed up at day 28 after the second dose. The participants with age ≥ 50 (aHR = 3.556, 95 %CI: 1.141–4.884, P = 0.028) were associated with a high risk of response loss (titers < 16). The participants who were in 0–28 d group (aHR = 0.403, 95 %CI: 0.177–0.919, P = 0.031), had an influenza vaccination history (aHR = 0.468, 95 %CI: 0.267–0.921, P = 0.033) or were female (aHR = 0.542, 95 %CI: 0.269–0.935, P = 0.035) tended to maintain immune persistence during 10 months after the second dose. The nomogram was constructed and showed moderate discrimination[C-index:0.711 (95 %CI: 0.652–0.770); AUC: 0.731 (95 %CI: 0.663–0.792)] and good calibration. ConclusionsFrom 28 days to 10 months after receipt of the second dose of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, neutralizing antibody levels were substantially decreased, especially among men, among persons 50 years of age or older, among persons with the 0–14 d group, and among persons without history of influenza vaccination.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100041705, ChiCTR2100041706.