Predictive Motion Envelopes for Offshore Logistics via α-Cut Intervals

HC, CO and NOx emissions reduction efficiency of a prototype catalyst in gasoline bi-mode SI/HCCI engine

The CO2 emission efficiency, reduction potential and spatial clustering in China’s industry: Evidence from the regional level

CO2 emissions performance and reduction potential in China’s manufacturing industry: A multi-hierarchy meta-frontier approach

A review of CO2 utilization and emissions reduction: From the perspective of the chemical engineering

Evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a large scale shift to off-hour deliveries

This article analyzes the possibility of reducing the energy consumption from building heating as a result of lowering the indoor air temperature, which is recommended as a response to the energy crisis. Various values of the set-point temperature (16–22 °C), as well as different scenarios for their changes, were assumed for analysis. Changes in clothing that were determined to maintain the same level of thermal comfort after a temperature change were determined. The associated reduction in CO2 emissions emitted into the atmosphere was determined. The effect of reducing CO2 emissions was studied depending on the type of heating source. Simulation calculations were carried out for an exemplary multifamily building. The effect of different building insulations required in Poland over the years 1964–2022 was considered. Analyses were performed for the climatic conditions of cities located in different climatic zones of Poland: Koszalin, Wroclaw, Warsaw, Bialystok, Suwalki. Depending on the scenario, the insulation standard of the building, and the variant of location, the energy reduction achieved ranges from 6.6%/K to 13.2%/K. Taking into account the type of heating source, the reduction in CO2 emissions is from 0.7 to 7.5 kgCO2/(K·m2). The reduction in temperature by 1 or 2 K can be compensated for by wearing an additional sleeveless vest (0.12 clo) or sweater (0.28 clo).

Reduction in CO2 emissions in RoRo/Pax ports equipped with automatic mooring systems

A transformation from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to battery electric (BE) vehicles coupled with a low carbon electricity grid is considered to be effective in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions especially carbon dioxide (CO2) and a resulting drop in the oil demand. This study investigates the possible savings in the gasoline consumption and reduction in CO2 emission in India from the battery electric two-wheeler segment during the fiscal year 2021–2030. The CO2 emissions are estimated based on emission coefficients, average fuel consumption and the annual mileage of two-wheelers. In India, more than 70% of the total registered motor vehicles belong to the category of a two-wheeler. Hence, any policy actions intended at the reduction in CO2 emission and gasoline consumption from the transportation sector must focus on the two-wheeler segment. Older two-wheeler has higher gasoline consumption due to lower fuel economy which leads to larger CO2 emission. The study reveals that with 100% replacement of newly registered ICE two-wheelers with BE two-wheelers, a total savings of 322.50 billion litres of gasoline and a reduction of 571.49 million tonnes of CO2 emissions can be achieved during the period 2021–2030. With strict implementation of a scrapping policy whereby all ICE two-wheelers completing 15 years of service are taken off the road, the gasoline savings and reduction in CO2 emissions can be enhanced to 403.23 billion litres and 811.27 million tonnes, respectively, during the same period. The enhanced use of non-fossil fuel-based sources for electricity generation will lead to a further reduction in CO2 emission, as the energy required for the propulsion of BE two-wheeler is sourced from the grid.

Production chemicals are used to improve fluids production in gas and oil fields. These chemicals can contribute to less than 1% (0,1 kg/boe) of the global CO2 emission of a production site (scope 3). On the other hand, production chemicals can support the reduction of the global CO2 emission (Replacement of High CO2 emission chemicals by lower CO2 emission chemicals; Use more efficient chemicals to reduce chemicals consumption to reduce associated CO2 emission; Use production chemicals to improve energy efficiency or limit greenhouse gas emission…). A methodology, based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), was developed with SIMAPRO®. This methodology is considering the global usage of the chemicals and its impact on the process (production increase, GHG reduction….). Results point out that injection of a more efficient chemical can reduce the global carbon footprint. 2 chemistries were compared to scavenge H2S. The replacement of triazine based scavenger by a MBO base scavenger is leading to a decrease of the scavenger injection rate. Even if the costs ($/L) and the CO2 footprint (kgCO2/L) of MBO are higher, global impacts are positive (45% CO2 emission reduction). Injection of a H2S scavenger to valorize the associated gas produced by an oil field (stop of flaring) shows that it is possible to reduce by more than 99% the global CO2 emissions. Flowing improvement in an oil field pipeline with DRA injection can lead to the reduction of the carbon footprint intensity (reduction of CO2 emission per barrel of oil). Other cases studies confirm that production chemicals (DRA, demulsifier…) management allow improving the global CO2 footprint.

Fighting carbon leakage through consumption-based carbon emissions policies: Empirical analysis based on the World Trade Model with Bilateral Trades

Chapter 22 - Reducing Carbon Emissions From Oxford City: Plans and Tools

China’s economy is faced with mounting pressure to reduce CO2 emissions. This study estimates the impact of green innovation and institutional quality on CO2 emissions, and examines the moderating effect of institutional quality. The results show that: (1) Green innovation significantly reduced CO2 emissions. Institutional quality has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between green innovation and CO2 emissions, such that when institutional quality is high, green innovation has a stronger reduction in CO2 emissions. (2) Green innovation significantly reduced CO2 emissions in the eastern and western regions. Moreover, as institutional quality improves, the reduction of CO2 emissions through green innovation increased in the western region. (3) Green innovation in 2013–2017 had a greater effect on CO2 emissions reduction than 2005–2012. Moreover, with the improvement of institutional quality, green innovation’s reduction of CO2 emissions in 2005–2012 was weakened, whereas the reduction of CO2 emissions by green innovation increased in 2013–2017.

Many countries, including Japan, have taken measures to reduce the load placed on the environment, thus, helping reduce the effects of global warming. One measure, the spread of information and communications technology (ICT) has increased the effects of global warming. However, ICT is expected to be of benefit regarding environmental load reduction, specifically by making it possible to reduce CO2 emissions. Such technology can reduce the need for human physical effort and enhance the efficiency of physical distribution and other industrial activities. The use of ICT to estimate the reduction in CO2 emissions is important if the government is to adopt a policy of promoting ICT and addressing environmental issues. Since 2003, we have continuously estimated the reduction in CO2 emissions throughout Japan while updating the estimation factors. In this paper, we report on the results of an estimation of the 2013 data. The reduction in CO2 emissions in 2013 was less than that for 2012, which was predicted in 2008. By analyzing the estimation factors, we reveal that these results are due to the ICT penetration rate. We also discuss a future prediction based on the penetration rate obtained for 2013.

Impacts of household income change on CO2 emissions: An empirical analysis of China

This paper reviews two key initiatives undertaken in the historical city of Oxford to bring about reductions in energy-related CO2 emissions on a dwelling-level as well as city-wide scale, using both bottom-up and top-down carbon-counting approaches. The development and application of a bottom-up carbon-counting approach called DECoRuM is described. DECoRuM is a Geographical Information System-based software model which estimates and maps baseline energy use and CO2 emissions on a house-by-house level, identifies ‘pollution’ hotspots, predicts the potential for reductions in CO2 emissions and monitors reductions achieved as a result of deploying energy efficiency measures and renewable energy systems. The application of DECoRuM model to a case study in Oxford shows that CO2 emission reductions above 60% are possible, at a cost of between £6 and £77 per tonne of CO2 emissions saved, depending upon the package of measures used and the scenario of capital costs (low or high) employed. Alongside DECoRuM, the author has led the development of an action-oriented Oxford Climate Change Action Plan (OCCAP) which uses top-down approaches to construct an accurate CO2 emissions inventory for Oxford city for a baseline year, establish CO2 reduction targets and propose action for each of the energy-related sectors to meet those targets. These two different, but complimentary, approaches provide a useful example for other cities in their endeavour for emission reductions.