Predictive mapping of Meadow Pipit density using integrated remote sensing data and an atlas of vascular plants dataset

Abstract

Capsule The highest densities of Meadow Pipits in Central Europe are found in lowland and upland wet meadows.Aims To create a large-scale predictive model of Meadow Pipit density.Methods We analysed factors affecting the density of the Meadows Pipit in Poland using data from 777 × 1 km study plots and a set of 22 environmental variables, including agriculture intensification and habitat-specific plant species as classifiers of meadow types. Predictors were selected using variation inflation factor, then related to species density data using generalized additive models.Results The best-supported model included 11 variables and was clearly better (Akaike information criterion weight = 0.47) than other models. The density of the Meadow Pipit reaches its highest levels on large areas of extensively used wet meadows as well as pastures where livestock graze and which show high photosynthetic activity in April.Conclusion Some aspects of the environment that were not identified from remote sensing data were vital for determining relatively high density. Conservation efforts for preserving Meadow Pipit populations should focus on maintaining wet meadows and extensively grazed pastures. Given the results, the Meadows Pipit may be classified as a good indicator of traditional agriculture.