Abstract
An integrated model for the prediction of toxin removal efficiency of hemodialysis membranes is presented in this work. The membrane is of the mixed-matrix type and is impregnated with sorbent particles to enhance toxin removal. The model is based on a detailed three-dimensional reconstruction of the different layers of the membrane using electron microscopy images of physical samples. The digital description of the reconstructed layers is used for the numerical prediction of the toxin transport properties in each membrane layer and of the toxin sorption rate in the intermediate, sorbent-filled part. The comparison of the simulated permeability of the entire membrane to experimental permeability measurements reveals a very satisfactory agreement. The individual layer properties are introduced in a macroscopic model of blood flow and toxin removal in a hollow-fiber membrane configuration. The efficiency of the membrane to remove creatinine as part of the hemodialysis process is evaluated as a case-study, and the role of the addition of carbon particles to enhance removal through sorption is investigated as a function of the operation time.
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