Abstract
The Abraham general solvation model is used to predict the saturation solubility of crystalline nonelectrolyte solutes in organic solvents. The derived equations take the form of $$ \\eqalign{ & \\log (C_{\\rm S} / C_{\\rm W} ) = c + rR_2 + s\\pi _2^{\\rm H} + a\\Sigma \\alpha _2^{\\rm H} + b\\Sigma \\beta _2^{\\rm H} + vV_x \\cr & \\log (C_{\\rm S} /C_{\\rm G} ) = c + rR_2 + s\\pi _2^{\\rm H} + a\\Sigma \\alpha _2^{\\rm H} + b\\Sigma \\beta _2^{\\rm H} + l\\log L^{16} \\cr} $$ where C S and C W refer to the solute solubility in the organic solvent and water, respectively, C G is a gas phase concentration, R 2 is the solute's excess molar fraction, V x is McGowan volume of the solute, $\\Sigma \\alpha _2^{\\rm H}$ and $\\Sigma \\beta _2^{\\rm H}$ are measures of the solute's hydrogen-bond acidity and hydrogen-bond basicity, $\\pi _2^{\\rm H}$ denotes the solute's dipolarity/polarizability descriptor, and L 16 is the solute's gas phase dimensionless Ostwald partition coefficient into hexadecane at 298 K. The remaining symbols in the above expressions are known coefficients, which have been determined previously for a large number of gas/solvent and water/solvent systems. Computations show that the Abraham general solvation model predicts the observed solubility behavior of fluorene in 10 alcohol solvents to within an average absolute deviation of about - 15%.
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