Predicting Hope in Mothers of Intellectually Disabled Children Through Emotional, Psychological and Spiritual Factors

The effects of psychoeducation and telephone counseling on the adjustment of women with early-stage breast cancer

Introduction: Psychological well-being as a component of positive psychology is associated with a variety of personal and family factors in psychology such as self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate on prediction of psychological well-being based on self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength in students in Islamic Azad University in Qom city. Method: Its method was descriptive and type of correlation. The statistical community included all students in Islamic Azad University in Qom city in academic year of 2016-2017, that 350 students (195 male and 155 female) were chose by cluster sampling method. Gathering data tool included Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), Alexithymia Scale, 4 factors of Catell's Sixteen Factors Personality Inventory, and Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Data analyzed by using of SPSS-26 software with Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis. Results: Findings showed that self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength could predict 25/38 variance of psychological well-being (P<0.001). Also there was direct correlation between psychological well-being with self-differentiation and ego strength, and was negative correlation with Alexithymia (P<0.001). Conclusion: With attention to results the role of self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength in prediction of psychological well-being were important. It can be indicate that high levels of self-differentiation and ego strength, and low level of Alexithymia were salient in shaping of psychological well-being, and with diagnosing and improvement in selfdifferentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength can expect to promotion in psychological wellbeing in students.

Background and Aim: In our world, most of the information, data and knowledge is received and stored through the sense of hearing. The current research aimed to know the causal model of psychological well-being of students with hearing impairment based on attachment styles, family emotional atmosphere, social support and the mediating role of hope. Methods: The current research is a descriptive research, of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the current research included children with hearing impairment in secondary schools in Tehran in the academic year 2021. With the help of multi-stage cluster sampling method, 204 students with hearing impairment were selected as the research sample. The data collection tools in this research include: Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), Hazen and Shaver attachment styles questionnaire (1987), Hillburn's emotional atmosphere questionnaire (1964), Tos Ziman's friend support questionnaire (1988), and Schneider, Harris Anderson's hope questionnaire (1991). Results: The research results showed that secure, avoidant and ambivalent (anxious) attachment styles directly affect psychological well-being. But indirectly and influenced by the mediating role of hope, they do not affect students' psychological well-being. Also, the emotional atmosphere of the family has a direct and indirect effect on psychological well-being through the hope variable. Friends' social support also, directly and indirectly, affects psychological well-being through the hope variable. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that avoidant, secure and ambivalent attachment styles directly affect psychological well-being scores. But they do not play a role in explaining psychological well-being scores through hope. In other words, the hope variable has not been able to play a role in the influence of lifestyles on psychological well-being. Attachment style represents the essential innate needs for social communication among people.

Psychological well-being is an influential factor for healthy aging, and noncommunicable diseases usually accompany aging. Therefore, understanding factors predicting psychological well-being is essential to designing interventions to promote good mental health among this population. This cross-sectional study examined the factors predicting psychological well-being among older adults with noncommunicable diseases. The participants included 110 older adults aged 60 years and older with noncommunicable diseases who were receiving services in the outpatient department of medicine of a university hospital in Bangkok. Thailand. Instruments for data collection were a Demographic Questionnaire, the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index, the Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS-15), and the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, and descriptive statistics. The results showed that the participants had high scores on psychological well-being. Activities of daily living, self-esteem, social support, and depressive symptoms collectively predicted 61.2% of the variance in psychological well-being. Social support had the highest predictive power, followed by activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem, but the duration of the disease could not predict psychological well-being. The results of this study are beneficial for gerontological nurse practitioners and others to screen for factors affecting the psychological well-being of older adults with noncommunicable diseases. They can also use the findings to design and test the effectiveness of the intervention program’s emphasis on increasing social support, activities of daily living and self-esteem, and decreasing depressive symptoms among older adults with noncommunicable diseases.

To assess the degree to which postsurgical adjustment in patients with breast cancer and their partners depends on the nature of the patient-partner dyad relationship. Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Three cancer centers and one suburban community hospital in New York. 205 patient-partner dyads (112 intimate-partner, 58 family-member, and 35 nonfamily-member dyads). Mann-Whitney nonparametric comparisons and chi-square tests were used to assess dyad types on continuous and categorical variables, and a mixed model for repeated measures compared postsurgical adjustment among dyad types. Type of patient-partner dyads and physical, emotional, and social adjustment. Patients in intimate-partner dyads were younger, had greater incomes, and discovered the lump by routine mammogram as compared to family- or nonfamily-member dyads. No significant differences were observed in patients' physical or emotional adjustment. Patients with intimate partners had greater difficulty in their social and domestic environments. Partners in intimate-partner dyads had lower scores on psychological well-being, more problems in social and domestic adjustment, and less social support to promote social adjustment. Women with breast cancer experience successful physical and emotional adjustment whether they have intimate-partner, family-member, or nonfamily-member partners. Intimate partners are at greater risk for emotional and social adjustment issues. When designing interventions, consideration must be given to the type of patient-partner dyad involved.

Spirituality and religion are core aspects of people’s identity in several cultures. This identity allows them to seek help from folk or social sectors and, eventually, from professional sectors. Both spirituality and religion play an important role in shaping an individual’s beliefs and behaviours, which may or may not be culturally sanctioned. Clinicians often avoid exploring the patient’s spiritual and religious beliefs because of the fear of upsetting them or not being certain as to how to handle them. There are key issues between spirituality and psychiatry, which include those of boundary, those of defining normality or deviance and uncertainty about the role of the other side. In this chapter, Loewenthal raises four issues that reflect the relationship between psychiatry and spirituality. The first of these is differentiation between religiosity and spirituality. The role of spirituality within psychiatry, differentiation of spiritual and cultural factors and the universalism of these factors are the other issues which Loewenthal addresses in her chapter. There is no doubt that contents of delusions can be influenced by religious factors, but equally managing distress using rituals sanctioned by religions are important in assessment and management. The question of gender and age needs to be addressed further. Anecdotal evidence indicates that females and older people are more religious in their outlook. Religious and spiritual factors also influence help-seeking behaviours. In exclusive religious groups, religious and spiritual resources within the group may be perceived as and followed as providing effective relief from psychological distress. It is obvious that religious and spiritual factors will influence referral and may also reduce stigma. Similarly, these beliefs may increase adherence to therapy by modifying expectations from therapeutic interventions. Religious matching of therapists with those of the patients may need to be considered, although it may not always be practical. The possibility that spiritual beliefs may have negative effects cannot be excluded entirely. Unhelpful bias in diagnoses may create further problems of which clinicians should be aware.

This study examined the level of psychological well-being between the Ethnic Minority group, commonly called “Manjo,” and the majority group called “Gomero.” Psychological well-being questionnaires were administered to a sample of 298 (independent sample from both groups). The findings demonstrated that the non-Manjo (Gomero) Ethnic group possessed a considerably high level of psychological well-being. Statistical differences were found in participants’ psychological well-being across Ethnic groups. According to the results, participants from the Manjo Ethnic Minority group had a lower level of psychological well-being (M = 211.27, SD = 17.51) compared to the majority (Gomero). A statistically significant variation in psychological well-being (theoretically embodied across a broad spectrum of measurement units) among the two independent study groups was reflected.

Addressing spirituality in therapy is not only important for a substantial number of clients but many therapists also regard it as potentially valuable. However, practitioners report difficulties and confusion regarding how to work with spiritual difference, especially when clients’ spiritual beliefs are perceived as undermining their psychological well-being. The current study aimed to explore this challenge through the use of a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 practitioners and the transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three super-ordinate themes were discerned in the data: ‘therapists’ perception of clients’ spiritual beliefs: psychological understanding and impact’, ‘therapists’ aims and responsibilities: (in)compatibility with clients’ spiritual beliefs’ and ‘therapists’ practice responses to psychologically unhelpful spiritual beliefs: explicit and implicit approaches’. When clients’ spiritual beliefs were perceived as psychologically unhelpful, therapists experienced a conflict between their ethical stance to respect clients’ beliefs and their aim to enhance psychological well-being. This conflict presented the greatest challenge for therapists working with different spiritual beliefs. Implications and recommendations for practice are considered and avenues for future research are highlighted. In particular, it is recommended for therapists to recognise this challenge as an ethical dilemma, to develop an ethical analytic framework and to reflect on their own beliefs within this framework.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres kerja dan usia terhadap psychological well-being pada anggota kepolisian daerah (POLDA) Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner psychological well-being dan stres kerja, serta data demografi berupa usia. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota polisi Polda Lampung sebanyak 90 orang dari tiga bidang kerja yaitu Ditbinmas, Ditintelkam, dan Biro SDM. Penetapan subjek menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dengan jenis quota sampling. Dalam penelitian ini analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh stres kerja dan usia terhadap psychological well-being pada anggota kepolisian daerah (POLDA) Lampung, sebesar 38,3% varians psychological well-being dapat dijelaskan oleh stres kerja dan usia. Adapun sisanya 61,7% dipengaruhi faktor lain di luar penelitian ini. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya pelatihan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan diri serta diperlukan pula adanya penyedian layanan psikologi untuk mengurangi stres kerja yang dialami oleh anggota kepolisian dan melakukan pelatihan menejemen stres yang baik. Kata Kunci: Psychological Well-Being, Stres Kerja, Usia, Polisi AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of job stres and age on psychological well-being in members of the Lampung regional police (POLDA). This research is quantitative research. The data collection method uses psychological well-being and work stres questionnaires, as well as demographic data in the form of age. The subjects in this study were 90 police officers from three work areas, namely Ditbinmas, Ditintelkam, and HR Bureau. Determination of subjects using non- probability sampling technique with quota sampling type. In this study, data analysis used multiple regression analysis techniques. Based on the results of statistical tests, it shows that there is an effect of job stres and age on psychological well-being in members of the Lampung regional police (POLDA) of 0.383 which shows 38.3% of the variance in psychological well-being can be explained by job stres and age while the remaining 61.7% is influenced by other factors outside this study. The implication of this research is that there is a need for training to increase self-acceptance and the provision of psychological services to reduce work stres experienced by members of the police and provide good stres management training. Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Job Stres, Age, Police

This study attempts to ascertain whether alexithymia, suppression and reappraisal coping, and humor styles account for incremental variance in happiness (Lyubomirsky’s scale) and psychological well-being (Ryff’s scale), after controlling for Big Five traits and emotional positivity ratio of previous day’s mood. A total of 355 psychology undergraduates (72 % women) responded to measures of each construct, and two hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out for happiness and psychological well-being. The Big Five were entered in the first regression block, alexithymia was entered in a second block, and affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humor style, reappraisal and suppression coping were entered in the third block, and previous day’s mood in the last step. Alexithymia accounted for a small proportion of variance in psychological well-being, controlling for the Big Five traits. Suppression and affiliative, self-enhancing and self-defeating humor explained a complementary amount of variance in happiness and psychological well-being, controlling for the previous day’s mood, confirming the association of emotional regulation and affect with judgments of happiness and well-being. Taking into account humor and suppression, the multivariate association of alexithymia disappears. Results suggest that low suppression, low self-critical use of humor and affiliative humor are correlates of psychological well-being, whereas self-enhancing humor and low suppression are correlates of happiness, playing a mediational role between personality traits and well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of quality of work life on the psychological well-being of school principals in Khorramabad city by mediation of management counseling. The research method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study included all school principals in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 96-97, which number was 347, Regarding the type of research and the number of variables studied, the population under study, according to the sample of Karjetsi and Morgan sample tables, was 181 school principals (elementary school: 76, first high school, 37, and 68 secondary school) in Khorramabad city by sampling method. Stratified randomized ones were selected. Measurement tools in this research are: a) Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1995) consisting of 54 items that the reliability of this questionnaire is α = ./82. B) The Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Walton, 1973) consisting of 32 items And the reliability of this questionnaire is α =./ 91. C) A researcher-made management consulting questionnaire consisting of 29 items whose validity was confirmed by the content validity and also its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ./ 95. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression. The total number of participants in the study was 181, of which %45.3 were male and% 54/7 were female. The mean age of the subjects was 11.44 and 48.4 ± SD respectively. In terms of education, %6 had a diploma, 6% had a college degree, %72. 4 had undergraduate degrees,% 24.9 had graduated and %1.7 Carrying a doctoral degree,% 48.6 of respondents were in district one and %51.4 in district two,% 42 of respondents were in the primary school,% 20.4 in the first grade and 37.6 in junior high school, and the average management experience Among the samples, 10/88 years were estimated. The assumption of normalization is a prominent indicator before applying parametric tests such as coefficient Pearson Correlation, Path Analysis and Regression Analysis by Kolmogorov - Smirnov Test α =. / 05 To make .Therefore, because the significance level obtained for all variables is higher than α =. / 05, all variables are normal. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between all dimensions of the quality of work life variable with the dimensions of the psychological well-being variable. Also, between the variables themselves are the quality of working life. And the psychological well-being variable had a positive and significant relationship of ./69. There is evidence that the higher the quality of work life, the higher the psychological well-being of individuals. Also, based on the correlation coefficients obtained in the correlation matrix, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of the management consulting variable and the dimensions of the psychological well-being variable.Morever there is a variable between management consultancy and More over psychological well-being variable has a positive and significant relationship with the amount of ./52 that indicates that Management consulting has a direct, positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being of individuals. Based on the obtained results, each of the components of the quality of working life,i.e. fair payment, safe working conditions, capacity development, Social integration, security and continuous growth, the overall atmosphere of life, legal regulation in the organization and social affiliation have an effect (./24), (./21), (./15), (./18), (./18.), (./13), (12/0) and (./20) on the quality of work life of individuals. Also, the components of psychological well-being, namely self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, environmental domination, purposeful life, and individual growth, respectively, have an effect on (./19), (./19), (./20) (./16), (./22) and (./17), and the variable components of managerial counseling, namely, educational program, human resources, learners' affairs, school and community relations, administrative and financial affairs, and equipment and facilities respectively The effect is on the rate (./31), (./42), (./30), (./17), (./23), and (./10). The results also showed that standard t values for the impact of quality work life components such as fair pay, safe working conditions, capacity development, social integrity, sustainability and continuity, overall living space, legal regulation in organization and social dependence on this variable were respectively equal to (57/7), (46/5), (30/2), (33/2), (42/5), (18/7), (19/3) and. (36/3 ) And the standard t values for psychological well-being components, namely self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, environmental domination, purposeful life, and individual growth are respectively (7.9), (7.6), (9.7), (6.3), (9.4) and (8.6), and the standard t values for variable components of management counseling, namely, educational program, human resources, learners' affairs, school and community relations, administrative affairs and financial equipment and facilities were respectively (14/1), (15/9), (11/6), (6/34), (8/46) and (4/62) respectively. Based on the obtained results, the coefficient of influence obtained on the quality of working life on the psychological well - being (./69) at the alpha level is α =. / 01 and with the standard t standard (12.7) is significant (sig & lt ; / 01). Therefore, with %99 confidence, it can be said that the quality of work life of individuals has a direct effect on their psychological well-being. Also, the coefficient of effect of the quality of work life on managerial counseling (./51) is significant at α =. / 05 level with the standard t standard (7.9) (sig & lt; / ./ 01). Therefore, with %99 confidence, we can say that the quality of work life has a direct and significant effect on managerial counseling. In addition, the effect of managerial counseling on psychological well-being is equal to (./52) at the alpha level of α =. / 01 and with the standard t standard (8.2) is significant (sig & lt; / 01). Therefore, with% 99confidence, it can be said that management consulting has a direct direct effect on managerial counseling. Investigating the indirect effect of quality of work life on psychosocial bias with the role of mediation. Management advice The results of the multiplication of the effect of quality of work life on managerial counseling (./51) in the coefficient of management counseling on psychological well-being (./52) is 26.5 Which is a significant coefficient and the effect of quality of working life on psychological well-being Equal to (./67) increase to (./27). Hence, the role of mediation in managerial counseling in relationships and its impact on the quality of work life and psychological well-being is confirmed. Considering these results, it is recommended This importaint point in to account.

Most students have difficulties in getting use to the new environment that they find themselves especially when the settings of their previous school is different from where they are admitted newly. The study sought to carry out a mediation analysis of the link between psychological wellbeing and adjustment of transiting students. The study adopted a quantitative approach with a total of 1560 students used for the study. The instrument used for the study was a question that was validated appropriately. Data collected were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the direct and indirect effect of the psychological wellbeing on adjustment tendencies as well and variance explained by the variables. The results showed that there exist a direct effect of environmental mastery and self-acceptance on academic, emotional, and social adjustment. Personal relations have a direct effect on emotional adjustment and social adjustment but not for academic adjustment. Self-acceptance has a negative direct effect on environmental mastery. A significant direct effect exists between environmental mastery and positive relations (PR), self-acceptance has a direct effect on environmental mastery and self-acceptance (SEA) on positive relations. A partial mediation effect exists between self-acceptance and academic adjustment as mediated by environmental mastery but not with self-acceptance and academic adjustment as mediated by positive relations among others. Psychological wellbeing when combined, contribute to the variances in adjustment tendencies. Conclusions and further implication of the findings were discussed.

The paper presents and discusses outcomes of a research on cultural attitudes and basic beliefs as predictors of psychological and emotional well-being in urban and rural populations. As it was revealed, beliefs contribute to the emotional and psychological well-being of both people living in urban and in rural areas. The rates of regression explaining the variations in psychological well-being by beliefs are higher in those living in rural areas, whereas the rates explaining emotional well-being are higher in urban population. The most significant predictor of the subjective well-being is one’s belief in the worth of his/her Self and in other people’s kindness. Also, of much importance for the well-being of those living in the cities (in contrast to the rural population) is their belief in luck. The impact of cultural context on the psychological well-being is higher in the rural population, while its impact on their emotional well-being remains unclear. However, if the city represents the impact of vertical individualism, in the rural areas it is horizontal individualism and collectivism that play an important role in the prediction. Thus beliefs and cultural context to a greater extent account for the variations in the psychological well-being in the rural population than in the urban one. Inclusion in a social territorial community also predetermines the differences in the prediction of the emotional and psychological well-being. The research was conducted with the assistance of the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project № 14-06-00250а “Structure and Predictors of Subjective Well-Being: Ethnopsychological Analysis”.

BACKGROUND:Midwifery services help maintain and improve the health of the community. However, a comprehensive examination reduces students’ psychological well-being by creating anxiety. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of two educational methods based on mindfulness and cognitive emotion strategies on psychological well-being and anxiety of eighth-semester midwifery students before the final clinical trial.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was a quasi-experimental three-group study with available sampling method that was performed on 30 eighth-semester midwifery students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2020–2021. Data collection tools were psychological well-being and Test Anxiety Questionnaire. Two intervention groups were trained for eight sessions. The control group did not receive any training program. The data collected by SPSS version 22 software were analyzed by analytical statistical tests of ANOVA and least significant difference post hoc test.RESULTS:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of components of test anxiety and psychological well-being. Furthermore, emotion regulation training and mindfulness-based training reduced test anxiety and increased students’ psychological well-being before the comprehensive test (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION:It is recommended that educational programs be considered before the comprehensive examination to promote the mental health and success of these students.

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in university students in association with loneliness and psychological and subjective well-being. The study consisted of 340 university students, including 118 males and 222 females. The age range of participants is between 18 and 27. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Flourishing Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in the study. Results of the study showed that loneliness was significantly and negatively associated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Self-esteem was significantly and positively related to psychological well-being and subjective well-being. In this study, compared to male students, female students tended to report greater self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being while they reported lower loneliness. Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness was a significant and negative predictor of self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being. Self–esteem partially mediated the association between loneliness and well-being outcomes; and it significantly and positively predicted psychological wellbeing and subjective well-being. In university students, loneliness, and self–esteem, together, accounted for 38% of the variance in psychological well-being, while subjective well-being was 25%. Researchers can conduct new research to investigate the positive aspects of university students, and psychological counsellors working in schools can work towards strengthening the positive aspects of students.