Abstract
Recent studies have shown the evocation of lateral spread response (LSR) due to the compression of the facial nerve in hemifacial spasm (HFS). Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) of LSR could help locate neurovascular conflicts and confirm adequate micro-vascular decompression (MVD) while treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, studies on early LSR loss before decompression in HFS surgery are sparse, indicating the need to understand various perceptions on it. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 50 adult HFS patients who underwent MVD during the period of September 2018–June 2021. We employed IOM combining traditional LSR (tLSR) and dual LSR (dLSR). One patient was excluded owing to the lack of LSR induction throughout the surgery, while 49 were divided into groups A (n = 14) and B (n = 35), designated as with or without early LSR loss groups, respectively, and offending vessels were analyzed. The mean age of group A patients was significantly younger (47.8 ± 8.6) than that of group B (53.9 ± 10.6) (p = 0.0393). The significant predominating offending vessel in group A was the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA, 78.57%). However, group B included those with AICA (28.57%), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, 22.86%), vertebral artery (VA) involved (25.71%), and combined AICA and PICA (22.86%). Group B exhibited poorer clinical outcomes with more complications. Conclusively, early LSR loss might occur in the younger population, possibly due to the AICA offending vessel. The compression severity of offending vessels may determine the occurrence of early LSR loss.
Highlights
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder characterized by the intermittent, involuntary, tonic, or clonic twitching of facial muscles of unilateral face innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerves [1]
Are absent, but dual LSR (dLSR) recorded from orbicularis oculi (RE3) and mentalis (RE4) existed. (B) After dural opening the traditional LSR (tLSR), recorded from RE1 and RE2 reappeared, while dLSR recorded from
Our results indicated that early lateral spread response (LSR) loss may occur in younger hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients
Summary
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder characterized by the intermittent, involuntary, tonic, or clonic twitching of facial muscles of unilateral face innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerves (cranial nerve [CN] VII) [1]. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an optimal treatment for HFS, with a nearly 90% cure rate [2]. HFS is represented as lateral spread response (LSR) of facial muscle to the stimulation of CN VII [3]. The LSR in HFS is ascribed to the ephaptic transmission of neural impulses between different branches of the facial nerve [4]. LSR loss can occur immediately while offending vessels were moved away from the facial nerve. Early LSR loss before decompression during HFS surgery occurs frequently and remains unpreventable
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