Precise Epigenome Editing on the Stage: A Novel Approach to Modulate Gene Expression

Abstract

In the last decades, a better understanding of human pathologies has revealed that genetic alterations as well as epigenetic aberrations can be drivers of a disease or exacerbate its manifestation. The availability of customizable platforms that allow precise genomic targeting has opened the possibility to cure genetic disorders by tackling directly the origin of the disease. Indeed, tethering of different effectors to a DNA-binding moiety grants precise alterations of the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome with the aim of normalizing disease-causing aberrations. The use of designer nucleases for therapeutic genome editing is currently approaching the clinics, and safety concerns arise with respect to off-target effects. Epigenome editing might be a valuable alternative, as it does not rely on DNA double-strand breaks, one of the most deleterious form of DNA damage, to exert its function. We have recently described designer epigenome modifier (DEM), a novel platform for achieving precise epigenome editing in clinically relevant primary human cells. We discuss the efficiency of DEM and highlight their remarkable safety profile, which certainly makes this platform a valuable candidate for future clinical translation.