Abstract
BackgroundPsychological factors have been reported to have influence on the eating habits of patients with diabetes. However, previous studies have used questionnaires to investigate the association, and thus include recall bias. To overcome this disadvantage, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to record subjective symptoms and behavior in subjects’ daily lives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of preceding psychological factors on calorie intake using computerized EMA for 6 months.MethodsThe participants were nine outpatients with type 2 diabetes, aged 34–72. They were instructed to use a personal digital assistant as an electronic diary for 6 months to record subjective symptoms, such as psychological stress, anxiety, and depressive mood, and the food and drink that they consumed. The association between a preceding psychological factor and calorie intake within 5 hours was investigated using multilevel modeling.ResultsPreceding psychological stress was positively associated with calorie intake from snacks. Preceding psychological stress, anxiety, and depressive mood were negatively associated with calorie intake from regular meals.ConclusionsPreceding psychological factors influence the calorie intake of patients with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the role of these factors will be useful for developing psychological interventions to prevent overeating.Trial registrationThe trial registration number: UMIN000002992. Date of registration: 2010/01/07.
Highlights
Psychological factors have been reported to have influence on the eating habits of patients with diabetes
Psychological factors, such as anxiety and depressive mood, have been reported to have influence on the eating habits of patients with life-style diseases, such as diabetes, which raises the risks of cardiovascular diseases [1]
Participants were excluded if they had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 8.4%, had any active mental disorder, followed a restrictive diet with protein ≤0.5 g/kg/ day or salt ≤5 g/day due to another disease, had cognitive impairment, or had severe complications that interfered with self-care activities
Summary
Psychological factors have been reported to have influence on the eating habits of patients with diabetes. Previous studies have used questionnaires to investigate the association, and include recall bias To overcome this disadvantage, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to record subjective symptoms and behavior in subjects’ daily lives. Methods: The participants were nine outpatients with type 2 diabetes, aged 34–72 They were instructed to use a personal digital assistant as an electronic diary for 6 months to record subjective symptoms, such as psychological stress, anxiety, and depressive mood, and the food and drink that they consumed. The association between a preceding psychological factor and calorie intake within 5 hours was investigated using multilevel modeling Psychological factors, such as anxiety and depressive mood, have been reported to have influence on the eating habits of patients with life-style diseases, such as diabetes, which raises the risks of cardiovascular diseases [1]. The study by Tomiyama, which used computerized EMA, only assessed two days
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