Prebreeding research of near-isogenic lines of spring bread wheat with a combination of translocations from Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. and Aegilops ventricosa Tausch.

Abstract

To protect bread wheat from pathogens and, in particular, rust diseases, introgressive resistance genes located in alien translocations are commonly used. However, their application in practical breeding requires prebreeding studies. They reveal the effects of translocations on the adaptive properties of plants, elements of productivity, yield, and the quality of the final product. For this purpose, we studied the L653 and L654 near-isogenic lines of spring bread wheat cultivar Dobrynya, resistant to leaf rust and carrying the combination of translocations T7DS • 7DL-7Ae#1L + T2AL • 2AS-2MV#1, which carrying genes Lr19/Sr25 from Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. and Lr37/Sr38/Yr17 from Aegilops ventricosa Tausch. The recipient cv. Dobrynya and standard cv. Favorit were used as references. Phytopathological tests showed that L653 and L654 were highly resistant to Puccinia triticina at all stages of plant development and to the Puccinia graminis race Ug99 + Lr24 (TTKST), but they were moderately susceptible to the Saratov population of this pathogen. The prebreeding research of lines L653 and L654 showed that the combination of T7DS • 7DL-7Ae#1L + T2AL • 2AS-2MV#1 translocations (1) prolonged the seedling emergence–heading time by 7 days and increased the mean plant height by 10 cm; (2) they did not affect lodging resistance or 1000 kernel weight; (3) they did not affect the grain yield in either the drought years or the years of leaf rust epiphytoties; (4) they reduced plant adaptation to abrupt vegetation condition changes; and (5) they reduced the amount of gluten without affecting its strength, dough tenacity, the tenacity: extensibility ratio, flour strength, bread volume, and bread porosity. Thus, the combination of T7DS • 7DL-7Ae#1L + T2AL • 2AS-2MV#1 translocations in the genotype of spring bread wheat cv. Dobrynya determines high resistance to leaf rust and the stem rust race Ug99 + Lr24 (TTKST), being neutral with regard to agronomic performance indices.