Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet its impact remains limited with the paucity of organ donors, need for lifelong immunosuppression, and eventual graft dysfunction and failure. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived insulin-producing cells are currently in clinical trial as a cell source for transplant in T1D, although questions remain regarding long-term survival and function. Aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a hormone co-secreted with insulin from β-cells and the major component of cytotoxic islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, has been implicated in islet transplant failure.
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