Pragmatism and Economics: A Flexible Approach to Contemporary Challenges

This study examines the necessity of reforming Islamic family law in response to contemporary social challenges from the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. The rapid changes in social norms, particularly regarding gender roles, divorce, and women's rights, call for a flexible approach to Islamic law that remains rooted in the principles of justice and welfare. Maqashid Syariah, or the higher objectives of Islamic law, provide a theoretical framework that focuses on preserving religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth. Through qualitative research, particularly literature review and content analysis, this study identifies key areas where Islamic family law can be reformed to better address contemporary issues without compromising core Islamic values. The findings reveal that gender roles within the family should be more equitable, with greater recognition of women's roles both inside and outside the household. In the area of divorce, the law must ensure justice and protection for women and children, aligning with the objectives of Maqashid Syariah to safeguard life and lineage. Additionally, women’s rights in inheritance and financial matters should be strengthened. This study demonstrates that the principles of Maqashid Syariah offer a robust and adaptable framework for reforming Islamic family law to meet the needs of contemporary society while maintaining the integrity of Islamic teachings. Keywords: contemporary challenges, Islamic family law, legal reform,Maqashid Syariah.

Contemporary fiqh is a branch of jurisprudence designed to answer the challenges and problems of Islamic law in the context of the modern era. By paying attention to developments in science, technology and existing social dynamics, contemporary jurisprudence seeks to provide legal solutions that are relevant and applicable in various sectors of life. This research aims to export contemporary applications of fiqh and its relevance in modern society. With a responsive and flexible approach, contemporary fiqh is able to adapt to changing times without ignoring the basic principles of Islam. The findings of this research show that contemporary fiqh not only offers solutions to social problems such as contemporary issues in Islamic education but contemporary fiqh answers challenges and opportunities in its development.

This article examines the concept of fiqh of moderation (wasaṭiyyah) through the framework of inclusive, flexible, and contextual approaches to Islamic jurisprudence. However, the notion of fiqh of moderation is not a new term, and previous studies have yet to elucidate the mechanism through which inclusive, flexible, and contextual approaches can effectively serve as models of religious moderation. This article aims to address this lacuna by exploring their practical application to contemporary challenges in Muslim societies. This article uses a qualitative approach with a literature study type of research (library research). This article concludes that the inclusive approach of fiqh of moderation encompasses the diversity of legal opinions (madhāhib) and fosters interfaith dialogue. The flexible approach employs ijtihād to address emergent issues while upholding shariah principles. The contextual approach takes into account socio-cultural specificities in legal interpretation, guided by maqāṣid al-sharīʻah (the higher objective of Islamic law). These findings indicate that the integration of these approaches within the fiqh of moderation framework results in the creation of a balanced methodology. This methodology preserves the core principles of shariah while enabling adaptability to modern circumstances. This article contributes to the discourse on religious moderation by proposing a theoretical framework that seeks to harmonize Islamic tradition with contemporary social dynamics. The framework functions as a resource for scholars, policymakers, and Muslim communities seeking to implement moderate religious perspectives that promote social harmony while maintaining religious authenticity.

This research examines the methodological challenges in selecting appropriate categories for studying legal regulation of national security in Ukraine, particularly in the context of ongoing Russian military aggression. The study analyzes three primary conceptual approaches: the mechanism-based approach, the systemic approach, and the legal regime approach. The research demonstrates that traditional methodological frameworks require significant adaptation to address contemporary security challenges in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the interaction between legal regulations and practical implementation of security measures under martial law conditions. The study reveals that the legal regime approach offers the most comprehensive theoretical framework for analyzing national security regulation in modern Ukraine, as it allows for consideration of both static normative elements and dynamic implementation processes. The findings suggest that effective legal regulation of national security requires a flexible methodological approach that can accommodate rapid changes in the security environment while maintaining legal certainty and constitutional rights protection.

Urban Streets between Public Space and Mobility

The paper explores the complex interactions between strategic culture, globalization and the development of artificial intelligence and their role in national security. One of the key aspects that stands out is the need for adaptability in response to these new challenges. Globalization and artificial intelligence are changing the landscape of national security, affecting the way states consider and respond to various threats. There is a need for flexibility and adaptability both at the strategic level and in the context of political action in order to adequately respond to contemporary challenges in the field of security. Advances in artificial intelligence require states to quickly react and adapt to new opportunities, but also challenges. This includes the development of standards and legal regulations that will ensure the ethical, legal and safe application of artificial intelligence in the context of national security. Additionally, adaptability is essential in developing strategies to counter new security threats arising from globalization. The process of globalization may bring new challenges, such as transnational terrorism and cyber threats, which require a coordinated response and cooperation at the international level. An appropriate national security strategy must be able to rapidly adapt to these new challenges and incorporate new technologies and approaches, including artificial intelligence. Also, adaptability is important in the context of developing a strategy for the adoption of artificial intelligence in the domain of national security. This includes the training and education of professionals, the development of new skills and capacities, as well as the constant updating and refinement of safety management strategies and techniques. Only through an adaptable and flexible approach is it possible to successfully face the new and complex challenges brought by globalization and the development of artificial intelligence.

Purpose This study aims to propose a practice-informed conceptual framework grounded in a literature review and illustrative insights from prior field cases. It aims to examine how to identify competencies that distinguish high performers; develop a structured approach for generating success profiles using the Enhanced Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method; and offer practical guidance for organizations seeking to implement competency-based job mapping. By integrating theories of job analysis, job crafting and performance improvement, the study presents a theoretically robust and practically applicable model for advancing performance-driven workforce planning. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a conceptual development approach grounded in an Integrative Literature Analysis and real-world case demonstration. It proposes an Enhanced DACUM framework that integrates job crafting theory, competency modeling and the Performance Improvement Potential (PIP) concept to map roles performed by exemplary employees. The methodology synthesizes findings from existing academic literature and field-informed insights to create success profiles, structured representations of the competencies and behaviors that differentiate high performers. This approach emphasizes theory-building and practical application for strategic talent and workforce planning. Findings The literature reveals a clear shift from static, task-based analysis toward dynamic, competency-driven job mapping. Key themes include the growing relevance of job crafting in addressing role misfit, the use of exemplary performers as benchmarks for defining success, and the importance of task identity and skill variety in fostering engagement and innovation. The Enhanced DACUM framework synthesizes these findings, emphasizing cognitive, relational and behavioral attributes. By integrating these elements, the framework offers a structured yet flexible approach to identifying success profiles aligned with evolving organizational needs and high-performance standards. Research limitations/implications As a conceptual study grounded in literature and practice-based insights, this research does not include primary empirical data, which may limit its generalizability across industries or contexts. The framework is derived from existing models and practitioner-informed case illustrations, and while it offers theoretical rigor and practical relevance, its effectiveness depends on contextual adaptation. Future research could empirically validate the Enhanced DACUM framework through field studies, cross-sectoral applications and comparative analyses. Expanding on the framework with quantitative metrics could further strengthen its utility for strategic human resource (HR) decision-making and workforce development. Practical implications The proposed framework provides organizations with a structured approach to identify and map competencies that drive high performance. By focusing on exemplary performers and integrating concepts like job crafting and PIP, it enables the creation of role-specific success profiles for recruitment, onboarding, training and succession planning. HR and talent development professionals can apply this model to enhance alignment between individual capabilities and strategic goals. The Enhanced DACUM approach ensures that both explicit and tacit knowledge are captured, making job roles more adaptable, engaging and future-ready in today’s dynamic workplace environment. Social implications By emphasizing the experiences and contributions of exemplary performers, this framework promotes a more inclusive and strengths-based approach to workforce planning. It encourages organizations to recognize and replicate high-value behaviors that may otherwise go unnoticed, including those shaped by cognitive diversity and informal learning. The focus on job crafting and task identity supports employee autonomy, satisfaction and psychological well-being. In addition, by aligning roles with personal values and strengths, the framework fosters more meaningful work experiences, enhancing both individual fulfillment and organizational culture in socially responsive ways. Originality/value This study offers a novel, practice-informed framework that integrates competency modeling, job crafting theory and the Enhanced DACUM method to map the behaviors and attributes of exemplary performers. Unlike traditional job analysis approaches, this model centers on real-world performance variation and the concept of PIP to drive strategic talent development. It bridges academic theory with practitioner insight, providing a replicable and adaptable method for building success profiles. The framework advances the field by reimagining job mapping as a dynamic, competency-focused tool aligned with contemporary workforce challenges and organizational agility.

A matter of time: Developmental cascades for developmental science.

This study explores the integration of indigenous philosophies and postcolonial modernist theories within the framework of MultiAlism, highlighting the potential for dialogue and synthesis between these diverse philosophical traditions in Latin America. MultiAlism, a concept developed by Florentin Smarandache, is utilized to bridge the gaps and contradictions between these systems by focusing on areas of neutrality such as cultural diversity and power structure critiques. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating both ancestral wisdom and modern critiques to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of Latin America’s rich philosophical heritage. This integrative approach offers practical insights for developing inclusive policies and advancing social justice efforts within the region. Looking ahead, the potential expansion of MultiAlism’s application to other global contexts suggests its broader relevance for addressing contemporary challenges through a flexible and holistic philosophical approach.

The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of the philosophy of enterprise competitiveness in modern conditions of uncertainty. The latest publications on the issues of competitiveness, competition, and competitive ability have been analyzed. It has been established that these categories are interrelated but distinct. The study examines the contemporary challenges of uncertainty that management structures face, primarily related to the war in Ukraine. The necessity of using adaptive management strategies is substantiated, requiring managers to apply flexible approaches to enterprise activity management to ensure its competitiveness amid the dynamic changes in the global environment. These include innovative management, digitalization of business processes, flexible organizational models, and strategic planning that incorporates risk assessment. Special attention should be directed towards diversifying income sources, optimizing costs, seeking additional financing opportunities, investing in workforce development, and implementing advanced technologies in synergy with dynamic pricing and superior product quality. Tax optimization through the application of tax incentives within legally defined frameworks should be at the forefront of any business operation. The philosophy of competitiveness unveils the multidimensionality of this phenomenon, going beyond mere economic analysis. Unlike traditional approaches that perceive competitiveness as a process of struggle for resources, markets, and consumers, this concept redefines the categories of “competitiveness” and “enterprise competitiveness”, focusing on dynamism, proactivity, and innovation in adapting to uncertainty-related changes. Through modeling methods, the practical significance of the study is demonstrated, specifically in justifying an innovative approach to investment in human capital to ensure enterprise competitiveness in modern conditions. The return on investment (ROI) has been calculated, considering tax incentives, as an example of a business environment’s tax management strategy within legally established norms.