Practical upper limits to cutoff wavelength for different single-mode fiber designs

Abstract

A practical upper limit to cutoff wavelength in single-mode fiber is investigated. Based on the relationship between the attenuation of the LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode and the length dependence of cutoff wavelength, a formula is developed to predict this limit for four fiber designs commonly seen in commercially available fibers. It is found that, depending on fiber design, the upper limit of factory-measured fiber cutoff wavelength is anywhere from 20 to 60 nm above the system operating wavelength, even for a worst case "straight fiber" layout. Under actual field layout conditions, however, the limits converge to approximately 65 nm above the system wavelength for all four fiber designs. The practical upper limit predicted here is confirmed through an experimental evaluation of modal noise effects in a 1.2-Gbit/s single-mode fiber system.