Abstract
Device-independent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing security that holds independently of the quality of the underlying physical devices. Device-independent protocols are based on the quantum phenomena of non-locality and the violation of Bell inequalities. This high level of security could so far only be established under conditions which are not achievable experimentally. Here we present a property of entropy, termed “entropy accumulation”, which asserts that the total amount of entropy of a large system is the sum of its parts. We use this property to prove the security of cryptographic protocols, including device-independent quantum key distribution, while achieving essentially optimal parameters. Recent experimental progress, which enabled loophole-free Bell tests, suggests that the achieved parameters are technologically accessible. Our work hence provides the theoretical groundwork for experimental demonstrations of device-independent cryptography.
Highlights
Device-independent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing security that holds independently of the quality of the underlying physical devices
Our quantitative results imply that the first proofs of principle experiments implementing a DIQKD protocol are within reach with today’s state-of-the-art technology
In the following, we start by explaining the main steps in a security proof of DIQKD under the i.i.d. assumption using well
Summary
Device-independent cryptography goes beyond conventional quantum cryptography by providing security that holds independently of the quality of the underlying physical devices. Device-independent protocols are based on the quantum phenomena of non-locality and the violation of Bell inequalities. This high level of security could so far only be established under conditions which are not achievable experimentally. We present a property of entropy, termed “entropy accumulation”, which asserts that the total amount of entropy of a large system is the sum of its parts We use this property to prove the security of cryptographic protocols, including device-independent quantum key distribution, while achieving essentially optimal parameters. Device-independent (DI) quantum cryptographic protocols achieve an unprecedented level of security—with guarantees that hold (almost) irrespective of the quality, or trustworthiness, of the physical devices used to implement them[1]. Instead of trying to come up with a “patch” each time an imperfection in the device is detected, DI protocols allow us to break the cycle of attacks and countermeasures
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