Abstract
There appears to be consensus among the general public that curtailing harmful emissions resulting from industrial, petrochemical and transportation sectors is a common good. However, there is also a need for balancing operating expenditures for applying the required technical solutions and implementing advanced emission mitigation technologies to meet desired sustainability goals. The emission of NOx from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units in refineries for petroleum processing is a major concern, especially for those units located in densely populated urban settings. In this work we strive to review options towards cost-efficient and pragmatic emissions mitigation using optimal amounts of precious metal while evaluating the potential benefits of typical promoter dopant packages. We demonstrate that at present catalyst development level the refinery is no longer forced to make a promoter selection based on preconceived notions regarding precious metal activity but can rather make decisions based on the best “total cost” financial impact to the operation without measurable loss of the CO/NOx emission selectivity.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
As society develops awareness and concern regarding the extent that environmental pollution, in particular that of the atmosphere, has a negative impact on the quality of life, there is an ever-increasing demand for thechemical industry to take action and contribute to the overall goal of environmental protection [1]
In an earlier communication we presented our view of the pragmatic approach towards CO oxidation in a fluid catalytic cracking unit, both from a catalyst design as well as implementation cost perspective [2]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Aside from CO2 , a greenhouse gas that is, emitted as part of the FCC process due to spent catalyst regeneration, the regenerator is potentially a major source of CO emissions. These emissions are typically addressed by adding a CO promoter component, often Pt- or Pd-based, to the FCC catalyst formulation [4,5]. While not too common, residual ammonia the riser can be oxidized to NOx in the regenerator and contribute to the overall FCC species that were not removed in the riser can be oxidized to NOx in the regenerator and unit NOx emission footprint [10,11]
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