Abstract
Power flow, which is one of the most prominent problems in the field of power system, is the calculation of the voltage amplitudes and phase angles of each bus and the power losses by using the bus data with known steady state voltage amplitudes and power values. Increasing demand and the connection of decentralized energy sources to the power system at various points make more complicated power flow problem. The power flow problem is of great importance for both electricity generation and transmission. Planning new loads that can be connected to the system in the future and using the existing transmission lines at full capacity are based on the solution of the power flow problem. Power flow, which is a nonlinear problem, has traditionally been solved using numerical methods such as Newton-Raphson and Gauss Seidel. However, the success of classical solution algorithms decreases depending on the conditions of the power system. Meta-heuristic optimization techniques and search algorithms developed in recent years show that better results can be obtained in solving the power flow problem. In this study, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Gray Wolf (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Newton Raphson algorithms have been applied to optimize the power flow problem in the IEEE-14 bus test power system created using Matlab software. The performance of the algorithms has been compared by considering the voltage amplitudes, voltage deviation, phase angles, power losses and calculation times obtained from the model power system.
Highlights
Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg, 27(2), 199-209, 2021 S
The power flow problem is of great importance for both electricity generation and transmission
Planning new loads that can be connected to the system in the future and using the existing transmission lines at full capacity are based on the solution of the power flow problem
Summary
Güç sistemleri optimizasyonunda; üretim ve işletme maliyetinin azaltılması, güvenilirlik, güç kayıpları, gerilim sapması iyileştirme çalışmaları son yıllarda birçok farklı teknikle gerçekleştirilmektedir [18],[19]. N baralar arası toplam iletim hattı sayısını, h ise hat numarasını, Ih hat akımını, Rh ise hattın omik direncini ifade etmektedir. N toplam iletim hattı sayısını, d ise o hattın numarasını, gd, b ve c nolu baralar arası d. Vbmin ve Vbmax b nolu barada oluşan asgari ve azami gerilim değerlerini, nb bara sayısını, Vb, b nolu baranın gerilimini, PG üretim baralarında üretilen toplam aktif gücü, Py yük baraları üzerinden tüketilen toplam aktif gücü, Pk ise iletim hatlarında oluşan toplam kayıp aktif güç olarak tanımlanır. Denklem (9)’da PGmbin b nolu barada aktif güç üretiminin asgari, PGmbax ise üretimin azami güç değerini ifade ederken, nG ise üretim birimlerinin sayısını temsil etmektedir. Denklem (10)’da QGmbin b nolu barada reaktif güç üretimin asgari, PGmbax ise üretimin azami güç değerini ifade ederken nG ise üretim birimlerinin sayısını temsil etmektedir. Normal şartlarda kademe ayarı 1 değerini alırken gerilim düşümü yaşanılan hatlarda kademe (tap) değerleri 1’in üzerine çıkabilmektedir
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