Abstract
Power grids are cyber-physical systems and can be modelled as network systems where individual units (generators, busbars and loads) are interconnected through physical and cyber links. Network components (nodes/edges) may undergo intentional and/or random failures. In catastrophic cases, a failure initiating from a small set of these components can quickly propagate through the whole network, leading to a cascade of failures that might force a deep whole-grid blackout. Often network components have different vitality and protecting some is more critical than others. This manuscript aims to provide a focused overview of modelling power grids as complex networks and their resilience and reliability analysis. We also perform a critical review of vitality metrics and their precision in power grid resilience analysis. The review is accompanied by some simulations on benchmark and real power grids to show the applicability of these concepts in studying resilience.
Highlights
Many natural and man-made systems can be modelled as network systems where individual units interact over connection links
Among different approaches that make the power grids robust against unexpected events, the performance of microgrids is promising, especially when they are networked [189, 193,194,195,196]. They can reduce the undesired effects of these events or facilitate the restoration of power supply to critical loads after events if they are optimally located to support fragile points [197,198,199]. In addition to these model-based approaches, data-driven techniques based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have shown a strong capability in studying large datasets, which are gathered in monitoring systems, and evaluating the resilience of a power grid [200, 201]
Power grids are among critical infrastructures which have supported us towards the current modern lifestyle
Summary
Many natural and man-made systems can be modelled as network systems where individual units interact over connection links. Modern power grids are cyber-physical systems composed of interacting physical power grid, and cyber and communication networks [7] Such a complex infrastructure requires a new interdisciplinary paradigm for control and optimisation [8, 9] as well as for resilience and reliability analysis [3, 10]. Many centrality measures have been introduced in the literature, they need to be modified to include physical and electrical properties and limitations for power grid applications [42, 43] The aim of this manuscript is twofold. We provide a comprehensive review of the latest state-of-the-art in resilience and reliability of power networks and the role of different centrality measures in studying them.
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