Abstract
This chapter covers two engineering applications of thermodynamics of great importance for humanity, namely power production by external and internal combustion engines, and vapor refrigeration systems. The first begins with the Newcomen atmospheric engine, discusses engine characteristics, engine economy, James Watt’s improvements, and the cycle analysis by W.M. Rankine of this engine along with its later improvements, superheat, reheat, regeneration, and turbine losses. All these are external combustion engines, subsequently several internal combustion engines running on the Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles are studied. This last includes the jet engine, and turbine and pump losses. Finally ideal vapor refrigeration cycles are described including subcooling and superheating, and compressor losses.
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