Abstract
The Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is a dry spray coating process for the production of dense ceramic coatings at room temperature directly from the ceramic raw powder. In order to avoid confusion with liquid aerosol technology, the term powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is introduced here, to highlight that the aerosol consists only of ceramic powder and carrier gas. Especially in the field of functional ceramics, PAD is a promising alternative to conventional sinter-based production processes. This review focuses on the PAD of functional ceramics in the field of sensing and energy technology. In this context, especially current developments and trends are presented. On the part of the sensors, gas and temperature sensors are especially considered, whereas in the field of energy technology, the focus is on vibration energy harvesting, thermoelectric generators, superconductors, and solar cells as well as on all solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Besides the different applications of PAD films, this review also highlights opportunities for influencing the film properties by the used powder or the process parameters.
Highlights
High temperatures, usually above 1000○C, are typically required to produce high-quality ceramic components or films with sufficiently high density.[1,2] Ceramics, especially functional ceramics, which decompose at low temperatures or undergo a phase transformation, can only be produced with considerable effort
Cu(In, Ga)(S,Se)[2] solar cells made by powder aerosol deposition (PAD) with a conversion efficiency of up to 5.5% are demonstrated for the first time.[97]
Applications for the PAD process can be found in every field, where its unique features provide advantages compared to the current state of the art in process technology
Summary
Usually above 1000○C, are typically required to produce high-quality ceramic components or films with sufficiently high density.[1,2] Ceramics, especially functional ceramics, which decompose at low temperatures or undergo a phase transformation, can only be produced with considerable effort. Novel processes are necessary to meet the increased requirements of the ceramics industry in terms of flexibility, integration capability in electronic circuits, and/or miniaturization This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. More and more powder mixtures are being used.[6,7,36,37,38,39] Due to the large variety of ceramic raw powders, powder mixtures and substrate materials, powder aerosol deposited films show diverse properties and are used or suggested for many applications these days In this overview, different applications of powder aerosol deposited film are presented with special focus on the field of sensing and energy technology
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