Potentials and challenges of biofuels as a replacement for naphtha in steam cracking units

Plastics and climate change—Breaking carbon lock-ins through three mitigation pathways

Coastal water eutrophication and resource depletion have become serious issues in many coastal regions of the world. Seaweed aquaculture in Chinese coastal waters is a very important industry. This work assessed the major environmental benefits of seaweed cultivation, mapped the spatial distributions of various species and analyzed their environmental impacts during 2015 in China. This study found that seaweed aquaculture had brought in considerable environmental benefits, including the removal of about 75,563 t of nitrogen and 9592 t of phosphate from coastal waters, the sequestration of about 539,555 t of carbon, the absorption of 1,980,167 t of CO2, the release of 1,440,612 t of O2 into coastal waters, and the production of 5809 t of Iodine. In addition, seaweed cultivation saved approximately 29,313 t of chemical fertilizers, 1873 t of pesticide and 62,492 ha of farmland compared with terrestrial vegetable cultivation. These results demonstrate that Chinese seaweed aquaculture has turned the pollutants that cause eutrophication into nutrients, which generates considerable environmental benefits as well as socio-economic values. However, seaweed species, as well as coastal water qualities, vary by regions, spatial management of seaweed farms related to the coastal water quality is necessary. In the eutrophic coastal waters, more seaweed species that are highly capable of removing nitrogen and phosphate should be cultivated. Besides, the potentially negative effects of seaweed farming should also be considered before performing spatial management to ensure the healthy development of seaweed industry. As Chinese seaweed production continues to boom, it is a unique opportunity to strengthen the seaweed industry and to reach a win–win situation that both gains considerable environmental benefits and generates substantial socio-economic returns. This is also a promising way for other coastal developing nations/regions to follow.

Waste oil is an important part of the renewable energy, the main component is triglyceride that can be used to generate light olefins by steam cracking. The steam cracking feedstock is naphtha mixed with different proportions of waste oil, mainly in order to study the effect of different mixing ratio on the yield of ethylene, propylene and butadiene. In the case of the mixing ratio of naphtha and waste oil is 1:1, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the steam cracking temperature is 775°C, the water- oil ratio is 0.65, the residence time is 0.4s.

Maximizing olefin production via steam cracking of distilled pyrolysis oils from difficult-to-recycle municipal plastic waste and marine litter

The concept of circular economy (CE) is a broad concept that presents a set of options for retaining resource value. Therefore, CE is seen as one of the solutions in adopting sustainable practices in the South African Construction Industry (SACI), as a shift from the traditional linear economy. The purpose of this study is to assess the benefits of the adoption of Circular Economy (CE) principles for sustainable construction practices in the SACI, examining the benefits of these principles to facilitate its adoption level in promoting sustainable construction practices. Data was gathered through a questionnaire survey instrument from participants using a purposive sampling technique. The methods deployed for analysing the data for the study were mean item score and exploratory factor analysis. The study found that while there is limited adaptability of CE within the SACI, its benefits trump the challenges associated with adopting of these sustainable construction practices. The holistic and conscious adoption and adaptability of CE in the SACI will result in economic, environmental, social, and industrial benefits, as well as boost South Africa’s global alignment to Sustainable Development Goals (SGGs). Enhancing the adoption and usage level of CE in the SACI will play a vital role in waste reduction, lower carbon footprint, cost savings, job creation, health benefits, skills development, innovation and technological adoption, which is essential for advancing South African economic growth and social development.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and circular economy (CE) are becoming crucial tools in minimizing the impact of the industrial system. The proposed work explores the LCA of the fertilizer industry (FI) engaged in urea and NPK fertilizer manufacturing in the western and southern parts of India. Further, the 11R‐based CE framework and material circularity approach are proposed to minimize the environmental impacts (EIs) of FI for a successful transition toward sustainable development. The study shows significant EIs of FI, such as freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial eutrophication, marine eutrophication, aquatic acidification, climate change, and ionizing radiation. The carbon footprints during fertilizer manufacturing were 7.092245E+03 kg CO2 equivalent and 7.87000E+03 kg CO2 equivalent for each ton of urea and NPK produced. Focusing on each stages of FI, the proposed 11R CE framework provides an action plan for better environmental management during urea and NPK fertilizer manufacturing. The adoption of the developed 11R CE framework and material circularity approach can help minimize the impact associated with FI and can bring considerable environmental benefits. The study further provides in‐depth policy and managerial insights for FI decision‐makers.

This study focuses on the shift to a circular economy (CE) in the textile, apparel, and fashion (TAF) sectors, which generate tons of waste annually. Thus, embracing CE practices is essential for contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating PRISMA for systematic literature selection, BERTopic modeling and AI-driven SDG mapping, and case study analysis to explore emerging CE themes, implemented circular practices, and systemic barriers. Machine-learning-based SDG mapping reveals strong linkages to SDG 9 and SDG 12, emphasizing technological advancements, industrial collaborations, and circular business models. Moderately explored SDGs, namely, SDG 8, SDG 6, and SDG 7, highlight research on labor conditions, water conservation, and clean energy integration. Reviewing 655 peer-reviewed papers, the BERTopic modeling extracted six key themes, including sustainable recycling, circular business models, and consumer engagement, whereas case studies highlighted regulatory frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and financial incentives as critical enablers. The findings advance institutional theory by demonstrating how certifications, material standards, and regulations drive CE adoption, reinforcing SDG 12 and SDG 16. The natural resource-based view is extended by showing that technological resources alone are insufficiently aligned with SDG 9. Using the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes framework, this study presents a structured, AI-driven roadmap for scaling CE in the TAF industry, addressing systemic barriers, and supporting global sustainability goals, highlighting how multistakeholder collaboration, digital traceability, and inclusive governance can improve the impact of CE. The results recommend that CE strategies should be aligned with net-zero targets, carbon credit systems, and block-chain-based supply chains.

This paper describes the simulation and techno-economic evaluation of a carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit integrated in a cement plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons of CO2 per year. The aim is to utilize CO2 along with hydrogen to produce lower olefins (C2–C4), the feedstock for polyolefin production. In a first step, three process routes, namely a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with steam cracker, a methanol synthesis with rWGS syngas production and a methanol synthesis with direct hydrogenation of CO2, latter two followed by a methanol-to-propylene unit, are simulated in ASPEN Plus V12.1®. Furthermore, the effect of a high- and a low-temperature electrolysis on key performance indicators are also considered in the evaluation. Additionally, an estimation of investment, operating and specific net production costs (NPCPR) of the different process routes is made. The evaluation is based on the comparison of calculated global efficiencies, specific energy consumption (SEC), NPCPr and yields of the lower olefine products (C2–C4). The power-to-lower olefin plant, consisting of an amine scrubber unit, a PEM electrolysis and a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with downstream steam cracker proves to be the most efficient process route for polyolefin production, resulting in a global efficiency of 38.2 %, an SEC of 34.4 kWh/kg and an NPCPr of 14.92 EUR/kg of lower olefine product.

The study navigates how circular economy (CE) principles can be applied to water and waste management to address critical issues like water scarcity and practicing sustainability at an age marked by consumption of water, ignoring the consequences of contaminated water. The purpose of this study is to examine recycling at a household (individual) level and industrial wastewater treatment practices to improve water use and reduce discharge of toxic waste. Adopting a circular approach in water management compels one to accept waste water as a reusable and recyclable resource. This paper focuses on analysing recent methods, economic factors, and technological advancements that influence CE adoption in water management and preservation strategies. The existing literature indicates that domestic water recycling techniques, such as utilising grey water for irrigation, may drastically reduce the need for freshwater and support sustainable water management at a large scale. However, when it comes to industry level, there are far more complex issues involved in the treatment of water due to existence of harmful contaminants in wastewater, such as heavy metals and chemical pollutants, which are usually not present in the wastewater discharged by households. In order to properly recycle industrial wastewater, support resource efficiency and minimise the environmental impact of industrial operations, treatment techniques such as improved filtration, biological treatment, and detoxification have proved to be efficient. However, the high cost and complexity imposed by these technologies often limits their wider adoption, especially for small and medium sized businesses and at places where water resources are scarce. One can reduce the amount of impurities added to water during industrial processes, if the individuals build the habit of computing carbon footprint of the products they are willing to purchase, this will motivate the producers to manufacture eco- friendly products with low carbon footprints, this will help in preserving potable water. Whereas at the domestic level, rainwater collection and grey water reuse can be achieved with minimal investment. This review paper also identifies a number of research gaps, such as economic studies of water recycling systems are not common, particularly when it comes to cost- benefit analysis for low-income households and small businesses. Also, there is still a dearth of research on low-energy methods for treating industrial wastewater, which puts smaller businesses at a disadvantage when it comes to implementing CE standards. The lack of comprehensive legislative framework demotivates businesses and households to engage in waste water management and then, water recycling becomes another concern. Furthermore, studies do not indicate a lot about the social aspects that would affect the adoption of CE in water usage, thus emphasising the need for observing community participation and awareness campaigns.

The circular economy has emerged as a transformative framework for achieving sustainability in entrepreneurship by minimizing waste, optimizing resource use, and promoting regenerative business practices. Unlike the traditional linear economy that follows a "take, make, dispose" model, the circular economy encourages businesses to adopt reduce, reuse, recycle, and regenerate principles. This study explores the role of circular economy practices in green entrepreneurship, focusing on how sustainable business models integrate environmental responsibility with economic viability. Using a qualitative research approach, this study examines case studies of green entrepreneurs who have successfully implemented circular business models across various industries, including renewable energy, eco-friendly manufacturing, waste management, and sustainable agriculture. The findings indicate that businesses adopting circular economy principles experience benefits such as cost savings, enhanced brand reputation, regulatory compliance, and long-term profitability. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of scalability, consumer awareness, and access to financing. The study underscores the importance of policy support, technological innovation, and industry collaboration in accelerating the transition toward circular entrepreneurship. By integrating circular economy strategies into their business operations, green entrepreneurs can drive sustainable economic growth, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to global climate resilience. The findings provide valuable insights for business leaders, policymakers, and sustainability advocates on fostering a thriving circular economy ecosystem.

Most olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) will continue to be produced through steam cracking (SC) of hydrocarbons in the coming decade. In an uncertain commodity market, the chemical industry is investing very little in alternative technologies and feedstocks because of their current lack of economic viability, despite decreasing crude oil reserves and the recognition of global warming. In this perspective, some of the most promising alternatives are compared with the conventional SC process, and the major bottlenecks of each of the competing processes are highlighted. These technologies emerge especially from the abundance of cheap propane, ethane, and methane from shale gas and stranded gas. From an economic point of view, methane is an interesting starting material, if chemicals can be produced from it. The huge availability of crude oil and the expected substantial decline in the demand for fuels imply that the future for proven technologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) or methanol to gasoline is not bright. The abundance of cheap ethane and the large availability of crude oil, on the other hand, have caused the SC industry to shift to these two extremes, making room for the on-purpose production of light olefins, such as by the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane.

The textile industry has long been a cornerstone of the global economy, but its environmental impact has come under scrutiny, particularly with the rise of fast fashion driven by rapid population growth and short‐term trends. The industry's current linear economy model, which prioritizes constant production and disposal, exacerbates its environmental footprint. To address these issues, a circular economy (CE) model has emerged, emphasizing the principles of “reduce, reuse, and recycle” to extend product life cycles, transform waste into wealth such as recycled yarn, regenerated fibers, biofilms, biodegradable composites, biofuels and so on, and minimize environmental impact. Implementation of CE in the textile industry aligns with the UN's sustainable development goals, as CE aims to minimize water, resources, and energy consumption, accelerate economic growth, and promote responsible consumption and production. This article explores how transitioning to a CE model could mitigate the industry's environmental damage while influencing economic growth. Furthermore, how internet of things (IoT) (Internet of things) can be contributed to CE initiatives by providing a transparent traceability along the whole textile supply chain. The review begins by examining the drawbacks of the linear economy and then highlights the environmental and economic benefits of CE. The discussion includes waste management strategies, with a special focus on recycling techniques not only in the end products but also across various process sections of the textile industry, promoting a sustainable development and application of recycled fiber. Additionally, it explores approaches like resale, reuse, repurposing, and rental. Furthermore, the paper addresses the economic and environmental benefits from circular economy principles adaptation supported by industry‐specific data. This paper shows the connection of sustainable development goals (SDGs) with circular economy, effects of consumer behavior in CE and potential risks associated with adopting a circular economy model, which are crucial for its successful implementation.Highlights The linear textile economy worsens environmental impact through wasteful production. Circular economy extends product life, transforming waste into valuable resources. CE supports UN SDGs by reducing water, energy, and promoting responsible production. IoT aids circular economy by ensuring transparent supply chain traceability in textiles. The review focuses on CE's benefits, emphasizing recycling and sustainable waste management.

Background of the Study : In the 21st century, adopting the principles of the circular economy to minimize waste and pollution has become prominent in several industries, including the food industry. The United Nation’s sustainable development goal to reduce retail and consumer food waste by half by the year 2030 on a global level, has prompted many nations to deplore proactive measures to eliminate food waste. By eliminating food waste through a circular economy model, there are numerous benefits to be gained for businesses and the environments in which we live. This research will provide insights into how transitioning into a circular food economy will be beneficial for the state of Mississippi, the USA, and the world at large. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the current level of awareness and advocated the benefits of transitioning to a circular food economy in Mississippi, USA. Design/methodology/approach : A questionnaire survey of 120 construction professionals was used to assess the current level of awareness and advocated the benefits of transitioning to a circular food economy in Mississippi, USA. The questionnaire comprised three main sections each exploring different parts of the research question. Findings: The key findings of the statistical analysis indicated that there is low awareness of the circular food economy. This study fills the gap in the existing knowledge by addressing concerns over circular food economies to improve confidence among practitioners. Research limitations/implications: Although the data used in this paper was from educationally qualified individuals, the research is limited in some ways in that it does not cover all the professionals in the food industry. Nevertheless, all the professionals who responded to the questionnaire have an up-to-date level of awareness of the circular food economy. Practical and Social implications: A noticeable proponent of the circular food economy is that it promotes the overall health of people by providing environmental and economic benefits. Originality/value : This paper contributes with new outlooks aimed at assessing the current level of awareness, usage, and advocated benefits of the circular food economy and adds to the limited empirical studies on circular economy to governments, companies, and decision-makers. Keywords: Awareness, Benefits, Circular, Economy, Food, Mississippi. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-22-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2022

Waste oil as raw material, study the possibility of waste oil steam cracking to produce light olefins, and focus on pyrolysis temperature on liquid product distribution law. The experimental results show that light olefins yield increases with the pyrolysis temperature; Waste oil first ester fault occurs for a variety of long-chain fatty acids. As temperature increases, the various fatty acids gradually pyrolysis of a variety of small molecules, and its acid value decreased, aromatic compounds in liquid products gradually increased, and fatty acid content decreased. Study the liquid product with temperature variation can take the effective use of waste oil, waste oil for a partial substitute for naphtha to supple the steam cracking feeds.

Techno-Economic Analysis on an Electrochemical Non-oxidative Deprotonation Process for Ethylene Production from Ethane