Potential Relationships Between Fatty Acid Compositions and Phytochemicals of Selected Low Linolenic Soybeans Grown in Maryland

Abstract

AbstractEight soybean genotypes grown in Maryland were analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, isoflavone composition, lutein content, tocopherol composition, and fatty acid profile. The soybean samples consisted of seven low α‐linolenic (18:3n‐3) genotypes and 1 standard genotype for comparison. 18:3n‐3 levels were positively correlated with palmitic acid (16:0) content, and negatively correlated with oleic acid (18:1n‐9) concentration. Daidzein and genistein concentrations were positively correlated with 18:3n‐3 levels. α‐Tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, and total tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with that for 18:3n‐3. Two of the reduced 18:3n‐3 genotypes contained significantly higher lutein levels than the non‐modified genotype. All genotypes contained similar antioxidant capacity to the non‐modified genotype. There were not significant differences among genotypes in relative 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) scavenging capacity or oxygen radical absorbing capacity. No correlation was observed between 18:3n‐3 and antioxidant capacity. The results of this study show that the Maryland‐grown low 18:3n‐3 soybeans are sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants with potential health benefits. Specific genotypes may be selected for food production to obtain the most desirable combination of nutritional, nutraceutical, and chemical properties. The reduction in 18:3n‐3 may also influence the levels of other fatty acids and antioxidant compounds in soybeans.