Abstract
Coal–water slurry or coal–water mixture (CWS or CWM) is a complex solid–liquid dispersion. Several research works have been done concerning the production and use of CWSs being developed worldwide in several different governmental, industrial and academic facilities. In the present paper, studies on the developments achieved in the past three decades with regard to the field mentioned above are systematically reviewed, with particular regard to several different aspects during the combustion process. The structure and properties of the coal are highlighted, as are the different additives used and their adaptability with different types of coal, where the particle size distributions are of great importance in determining both the slurryability of coal and the rheological behavior of a produced CWS for its intended characteristics. At a time when there is much debate about the end of the age of coal as a primary source of thermal and electrical energy, alternative forms of use that can contribute to the reduction of pollutant emissions, as well as particles, in the atmosphere offer alternatives that may allow us to continue using coal, at least during this transition period until a viable alternative is found. In-depth knowledge of these coal slurries may allow, in the future, the development of similar products produced from fuels derived from biomass, such as charcoal or torrefied biomass.
Highlights
One of the most significant scientific challenges presently is to generate power in the most efficient and economical way possible
A study presented by Singh et al (2020) computationally analyzed the disposal of CWS with high solid concentrations through a pipeline, demonstrating the interest of the subject in this transition to a coal-free energy production [59]. It is in this context that several research works have evolved, such as those presented by Loureiro et al (2018), where the development and rheological characterization of an industrial liquid fuel consisting of charcoal dispersed in water was presented, demonstrating a new path for this research field of searching for alternatives to the use of coal [60]
In certain areas, the conversion of existing oil- and gas-fired units could be beneficial, as could the installation of new facilities, especially in locations far from coal production points, which would benefit from CWS long-distance pipeline transportation capacity
Summary
One of the most significant scientific challenges presently is to generate power in the most efficient and economical way possible. CWS is an option to be used as a fuel alternative for power production, and the interest in its use is related to economic, logistic, and technological factors. No special conditions are required for storage or transport, so loading and unloading costs are virtually nonexistent This option presents itself as an excellent alternative to heavy oil, which can be replaced by CWM [8]. Sub-bituminous coal usually has a heating value within the range of 19.3 to 30 MJ/kg and usually has more moisture, with a fixed carbon content of 35% to 45%. Bituminous coal is the coal most used in the production of electricity and in the iron and steel industry It has a fixed carbon content of. It has a heating value close to 60 MJ/kg and has a fixed carbon content between 86% and 97%
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