Abstract
Five new (1–5) and two known xanthones (6 and 7), one of the latter (6) obtained for the first time as a natural product, together with three known anthraquinones, questin, penipurdin A, and questinol, were isolated from the coastal saline soil-derived Aspergillus iizukae by application of an OSMAC (one strain many compounds) approach. Their structures were determined by interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, as well as comparison of these data with those of related known compounds. Antiviral activity of xanthones 1−7 was evaluated through the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay, and compound 2 exhibited distinctly strong activity towards influenza virus (H1N1), herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) with IC50 values of 44.6, 21.4, and 76.7 μM, respectively, which indicated that it was worth to further investigate it as a potential lead compound. The preliminary structure-activity relationship of the xanthones is discussed.
Highlights
Aspergillus iizukae is present in various environments, such as leaves of Silybum marianum [1], sponges [2], guts of a cricket species Gryllus testaceus [3], earthworm casts and different kinds of soil [4]
A novel flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase was separated from the culture of A. iizukae, which was capable of catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to glucono-δ-lactone [5]
Its molecular formula C16H11ClO6, was established by the high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) m/z was established by the high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) m/z
Summary
Aspergillus iizukae is present in various environments, such as leaves of Silybum marianum [1], sponges [2], guts of a cricket species Gryllus testaceus [3], earthworm casts and different kinds of soil [4]. A. iizukae showed inhibitory effects against the aquaculture pathogens Lactococcus garvieae and Vagococcus salmoninarum [2]. A novel flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase was separated from the culture of A. iizukae, which was capable of catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to glucono-δ-lactone [5]. Four new and three known aromatic butenolides were isolated from the insect symbiont A. iizukae [3]. It was reported that the endophytic A. iizukae from S. marianum could produce silybin A, silybin B and isosilybin A [1]
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