Potassium-Ion Based Solid-State Batteries

Abstract

Currently, highly efficient rechargeable batteries have attracted lots of interest to address modern society’s never-ending appetite for clean energy. With the imminent depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing demand for eco-friendly alternatives, clean energy has emerged as the top necessity for the 21st century. Alkali metals like lithium, sodium, and potassium are considered as some of the promising electrodes for next-generation batteries because of their superior specific capacity and small reduction potentials. Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are feasible alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) due to their low cost, high abundance, low toxicity, and high-power output. In this work, we review different types of electrodes commonly explored for the viability of commercial batteries based on potassium storage mechanisms. Like LIBs and NIBs, potassium-based batteries employ intercalation, alloying, or conversion type reaction for charge transfer during the battery operation. In this chapter, we will be exploring the electrochemical performances, specific capacity, cycle life, rate performance, and related science of KIBs in detail. Furthermore, we will provide insights into the potassium storage reactions and present the remaining challenges and possible research directions for further developments.